身心障礙者專用停車位實施現況與相關問題之研究

近年來身心障礙專用停車位不足的問題，常引起許多關注與爭議。除了身心障礙者專用停車位減少非障礙者停車機會外，還有身心障礙者停車位遭濫用、身心障礙者停車優惠、以及身心障礙停車位資格等爭議。舊制身心障礙鑑定只要身心障礙者皆可申請身心障礙停車證，但新制身心障礙鑑定則必須經過需求評估為行動不便者，方可取得專用停車位的使用資格。另一方面，則透過縮減身心障礙停車優惠措施，以因應身心障礙者專用停車位不足的狀況。本研究探討身心障礙專用停車位相關政策、身心障礙者專用停車位的資格認定、以及身心障礙者使用停車位的經驗，來檢視現行身心障礙專用停車位的實施現況。研究方法包括文獻與法規政策分析，以及身心障礙專審會審查委員與身心障礙專用停車位使用者的訪談內容分析。研究發現新制身心障礙鑑定雖可呈現不同的障礙者的不同需求，甚至呈現同一種障礙者的不同需求。行動不便在需求評估中雖然有統一的定義，但是審查過程的彈性解讀空間仍使得相關爭議難以平息。為減少資格認定歧異，本研究透過訪談與實地訪查以瞭解申請者與環境互動時可能產生的障礙。希望藉此描繪出身心障礙專用停車位使用者現況，並提出建議現行政策下身心障礙專用停車位應如何控管，方能達成資源分配正義的方向。

關鍵字

身心障礙者專用停車位；行動不便； ICF ；需求評估

並列摘要

Issues related to parking spaces for the disabled have drawn tremendous attention and created numerous controversies in recent years. Other than insufficiency of parking spaces for both disabled and non-disable, the misuse of parking permits for the disable, the reasonableness of parking benefit for the disabled, and parking permit qualification are also deeply concerned. All the disabled certificated under old disability assessment could apply for special parking permits, but today only the mobility impaired can be granted with parking permits under new assessment system. To cope with the insufficiency of parking spaces, parking benefits for the disabled are also cut down. To investigate the impacts of this new assessment system, this study examines current policies for parking spaces of the disabled, the assessment procedures for determining parking permit, and the experiences of the disabled in parking their vehicles. This research first reviews related literatures, regulations, laws and policies, and then interviews ICF assessment committee members and the disabled parking spaces users. The result shows that the ICF system is efficient not only in distinguishing different needs among different disability, but also different needs of the same disability. Though there are clear definitions of mobility impairment in ICF assessment, the flexibility in interpreting the results still cause some controversies. This research thus tries to make clear the difficulties encountered by the disabled when they are interacting with their environment. More understandings about the utilization of parking facilities by the disabled, can assist the decision makings in ICF assessment processes, and contribute to the distributive justice of limited social resources.