共享停車位機制使用意圖之實徵研究

共享經濟以取用權代替所有權的運作模式，在二十一世紀引發了一連串的創新商業模式與經濟效應，其精神在於提升閒置資源的使用，與永續發展的概念相契合。共享經濟在運輸領域的應用，例如共乘、共享汽車、共享單車、共享停車位等，也對運輸系統產生正向的影響，成為世界各國推動綠色運輸政策的重要方向與趨勢。台灣近來正開始推動共享停車機制，其成功關鍵之一在於民眾是否願意去使用此機制，因此了解影響民眾使用共享同車意圖的因素，是非常重要的工作。在過往行為理論的研究中，大多只從需求者角度探討使用者的行為意向；然而在共享停車運作模式中，供給方與需求方扮演同樣重要的角色，供需雙方透過共享機制之成功媒合，該模式才得以順暢運作。本研究根據文獻回顧，採用結合科技接受模式與計畫行為理論(Combined Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior, C-TAM-TPB)為理論架構，同時探討供給方和需求方對於參與共享停車位機制的使用意圖，建立7個研究假設並發展構面問項，而後透過問卷調查蒐集實徵研究所需之資料，有效樣本數為549份。本研究以結構方程模式之偏最小平方法驗證研究假設。結果顯示，本研究之研究假設皆得到驗證。以不同導向的使用者而言，車位需求者的「知覺行為控制」、車位供給者的「主觀規範」、車位需求且供給者的「態度」為影響其使用意圖的最重要因素。在多群組分析中發現，共享經驗的有無、性別及年齡具有調節效果。藉由本研究之結果，可以從民眾內在動機中找出能夠提升民眾使用意圖的影響因素，以幫助政府或民間業者推動共享停車位機制。

關鍵字

共享停車位；結合科技接受模式與計畫行為理論；結構方程式；多群組分析

並列摘要

The sharing economy, an economic model that replaces ownership with accessibility, has led to a series of innovative business models and economic effects in the 21st century. The idea of sharing economy on fully utilizing idle resources matches well with the concept of sustainable development that prevails across the world. The applications of sharing economy in transportation, such as carpooling, car-sharing, bike-sharing and shared parking, have generated positive effects on transportation systems and become the important directions and trend for promoting green transportation in the world. The shared parking model has recently been promoted in Taiwan. The success of implementing shared parking models depends on the intension-to-use of the public. Hence, it is very important to investigate the factors which affect people’s intention to use the shared parking. Previous studies on behavioral theories have primarily focused on users’ behavioral intentions from the demand side. However, both parking space users (demand) and providers (supply) are indispensable to a shared parking model, so the supply and demand sides play an equally important role, Given this rationale, the success of a shared parking model hinges on the matchmaking between parking space providers and users. In light of literature review, this study adopts a combination of the Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior (C-TAM-TPB) as a theoretical framework to investigate people’s intension to use the shared parking from both supply and demand sides. In this theoretical framework, seven research hypotheses are established and the corresponding constructs and questions are developed to design the questionnaire for collecting data to conduct the empirical study. The valid sample size is 549. The theoretical framework and hypotheses was examined using the partial least-square (PLS) method of structural equation modeling (SEM). The results validated the hypotheses proposed in this study. The constructs “Perceived Behavioral Control” and “Subjective Norms” are the most important factors for parking space users and providers, respectively. Moreover, the construct “Attitude” is an important factor affecting the intension-to-use of shared parking for both providers and users. Multiple-Group Analysis (MGA) has also been performed to divide the respondents into different clusters by age, gender and the experience of using sharing economy. The results indicate that these three variables have moderating effects on the proposed theoretical model. The findings of this study would facilitate identifying the intrinsic factors that could increase the intension-to-use of shared parking for both providers and users, and help government agencies and system operators to promote shared parking to the public.

並列關鍵字

Shared Parking ； Combined Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior, ； Structural Equation Modeling ； Multiple-group analysis

參考文獻

Abidi, S., Krichen, S., Alba, E., & Molina, J. M. (2015). “A new heuristic for solving the parking assignment problem”. Procedia Computer Science, 60, 312-321.

Google Scholar

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