台灣青少年解釋型態、憂鬱及心理健康相關研究

The correlation among explanatory style, depression, and mental health in Taiwan adolescents

王鈺舒(Yu-shu Wang)

指導教授 ： 莊勝發

高雄醫學大學/人文社會科學院/心理學系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2014.00067

摘要

Seligman 等人提出的解釋型態，已廣泛運用在憂鬱症的心理病
理、衡鑑與介入各方面，也發現樂觀與悲觀傾向的解釋型態與各種
正、負向的身心特質都有明顯相關。研究指出青春期是兒童青少年憂
鬱症盛行率明顯上升的階段，令人關注此階段的心理健康情形。要幫
助個體擁有完整的心理健康，除了減少憂鬱症狀，更需要提升心理強
度。目前台灣以正向心理學角度探討心理健康之研究尚少，同時探討
解釋型態之於憂鬱、心理健康之間相互關係的研究更為罕見，因此本
研究目的為調查台灣國中生憂鬱與心理健康現況，並建立解釋型態與
憂鬱、心理健康的預測模型。
研究設為橫斷式問卷調查，使用工具為「中學生解釋型態量表」、
「流行病學中心憂鬱研究量表」、「心理健康連續量表-台灣短版」，資
料結果將以描述性統計、變異數分析、驗證性因素分析、階層迴歸進
行統計分析。
以下列出研究重要發現。研究工具部分，中學生解釋型態量表之
負向個人解釋型態概念與原始假設相反，應用上須多加考量信效度。
研究結果部分，以憂鬱為依變項，以人口學變項及各解釋型態為預測
變項。結果顯示性別、對正向事件的永久普遍解釋型態、對負向事件
的永久普遍解釋型態、對負向事件的個人解釋型態可有效預測憂鬱程
ii

度（女性有較高的憂鬱；個體對正向事件傾向做「暫時特定解釋」，
對負向事件傾向做「永久普遍解釋」、「外在解釋」有較高的憂鬱）。
以心理健康為獨變項，以人口學變項以及各解釋型態為依變項。結果
顯示性別、對正向事件的永久普遍解釋型態、對正向事件的個人解釋
型態、對負向事件的永久普遍解釋型態、對負向事件的個人解釋型態
可有效預測心理健康程度（男性有較佳的心理健康程度；個體對正向
事件傾向做「永久普遍解釋」、「內在解釋」，對負向事件傾向做「暫
時特定解釋」、「內在解釋」，有較佳的心理健康程度）。
本研究結果可作為未來發展憂鬱預防介入及心理健康提升方案
或治療參考之用。

關鍵字

解釋型態 ； 憂鬱 ； 心理健康

並列摘要

iii

Abstract
The explanatory style has been widely used in the fields of
psychopathology, psychological assessment, and psychotherapy for
depression. The researchers have often suggested that there is a
significant correlation between depression, mental health and the
explanatory style of optimistic/ pessimistic inclination. Furthermore,
studies show that prevalence of depression elevates in adolescence. In
light of this, no one can or will deny the importance of mental health of
adolescents. However, research which has empirically documented the
link among depression, mental health and explanatory style toward
Taiwanese people is scant. Therefore, the present study aims to
investigate the depressive symptoms and mental health status in
Taiwanese adolescents.
This present study involved a cross-sectional survey, comprised of
the Secondary School Students’ Explanatory Style Questionnaire, Center
of Epidemiology Study-Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Taiwan
version of Mental Health Continuum Short-Form (TMHC-SF). The
quantitative analysis of the questionnaires was conducted through
descriptive statistics, three-way ANOVA, confirmatory factor analysis,
and hierarchical regression in order to establish a predictive model of
explanatory style, depression and mental health.
This present research showed that it is worth noting the reliability as
well as validity of the Secondary School Students’ Explanatory Style
Questionnaire, since there was a discrepancy in the measurement result of
"bad event to personal cause" and "the original theory of explanatory
style".
iv

With depression as dependent variable, explanatory style and
demographic variables as predictor variable, the result indicated that
"gender", "good events to permanent-pervasive cause”, "bad events to
permanent-pervasive cause", and “bad events to personal cause” were the
significant predictors of depression. As for mental health as dependent
variable, explanatory style and demographic variables as predictor
variable, the result asserted "gender", "good events to
permanent-pervasive cause”, "good events to personal cause”, "bad
events to permanent-pervasive cause", and “bad events to personal cause”
were the significant predictors of mental health.
To conclude, this study may be of importance in mental health and
psychotherapy, as well as in providing psychotherapist with a better
understanding of the adolescent depression prevention

並列關鍵字

explanatory style ； depression ； mental health

參考文獻

81

參考文獻

中文部分

马元广、李寿欣（2013）。解释风格在生活事件与心理健康间的中介

效应。中国健康心理学杂志，21（7），1102 - 1105。