比較口腔健康相關生活品質49題版與14題版與社區老人口腔狀態的相關性

Comparing the Relationship of OHIP-49 and OHIP-14 with Oral Status of Community Elderly

張屏昱(Ping-Yu Hang)

指導教授 ： 楊奕馨

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2010.00109

摘要

研究背景：口腔健康是整體健康的一部分，和生活品質是密不可分的。口腔健康問題對個人生活品質有不利的影響，減少身體功能，社交功能及自尊。而OHIP（Oral Heath Impact Profile)就是用來測量口腔健康問題對日常生活影響程度的一種指標。
研究目的：本研究針對台灣社區65歲以上的老年人，探討OHIP-49及OHIP-14與口腔狀態的相關性，口腔健康相關生活品質之影響因子與口腔狀況對OHIP-49及OHIP-14之影響因素。
研究方法：針對台灣地區七個地區分層抽樣，以居住在台灣地區設有戶籍且年齡在65 歲以上之老年人。共計有531份完整問卷及口檢資料。量表分析以 (Cronbach alpha)評估信度，再以t-test, ANOVA 等檢定法，檢定人口學變項及口腔健康指標在口腔健康相關生活品質（OHIP-49、OHIP-14）之間的差異；並以一般線性迴歸分析探討口腔狀況與OHIP-49及OHIP-14的影響因素及分析解釋力。
研究結果：本研究結果男性佔45.4％，女性佔54.6％，年齡層以65至74歲居多佔79.5％。OHIP-49及OHIP-14量表其Cronbach’s α分別為0.96及0.87。台灣社區老人在OHIP-49七大健康層面中最普遍受到影響為身體限制。OHIP-14七大健康層面中最普遍受到影響為心理痛苦。在效度方面，以口腔狀況當做效標，與OHIP顯著相關者有存留齒數、左右側臼齒對咬狀況及左右側前臼齒對咬狀況。存留齒數中少於20顆牙在OHIP-49及OHIP-14平均分數都比20顆牙及以上者高。對咬狀況在臼齒、前臼齒對咬狀況中皆以兩側皆有對咬數在OHIP-49及OHIP-14平均分數較低。而在社會人口學對口腔健康相關生活品質之影響因子中，經濟狀況越差者在OHIP-49及OHIP-14平均分數都越高。OHIP-14與OHIP-49之相關係數為0.97，且經由迴歸分析解釋力部份，OHIP-14 可呈現與OHIP-49 相同分佈情形，具有相似解釋變異量。
結論：OHIP-49及OHIP-14量表皆具有良好信效度。結果顯示存留齒數越少，口腔健康相關生活品質越差，對咬數越多口腔健康相關生活品質越佳。經濟狀況越差者口腔健康相關生活品質越差。此結果能證明OHIP-14在台灣社區老人口腔狀態中能達到與OHIP-49相同的鑑別效果。
關鍵字：老年人、口腔狀態、生活品質、OHIP

關鍵字

老年人 ； 口腔狀態 ； 生活品質 ； OHIP

並列摘要

Background:Oral health is part of overall health, and quality of life are inseparable. Oral health problems affect the quality of life, and reduce physical function, social function and self-esteem. The OHIP (Oral Heath Impact profile) is generally used as an indicator to measure the oral health impact on the daily life.
Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the use of OHIP-49 and OHIP-14 in Taiwan community elderly over the age of 65 for detecting oral health condition and oral health related quality of life as well as the related factors and oral status of the OHIP-49 and OHIP-14 of the factors .
Methods:The study participants were collected from seven stratified regions in Taiwan with aged over 65 years old. There were 683 questionnaires collected, of which 531 were full questionnaire and oral examination data. The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha, and the multiple linear regression was used to investigate the related factors for OHIP-49 and OHIP-14.
Results:There were 45.4% males and 54.6% females, and age 65 to 74 accounted for 79.5% of study sample. The Cronbach’s alpha of OHIP-49 and OHIP-14 was 0.96 and 0.87. In OHIP-49, the physical disability was the most affected, and in OHIP-14, the psychological discomfort was the most affected. In terms of validity, using oral conditions as the criterion, the oral health related quality of life was significantly related to remaining teeth, molar and premolar of contacted pairs. Subjects with less than 20 teeth, the OHIP-49 and OHIP-14 scores were higher. Pairs of contacted teeth on molar and premolar on both sides had lower scores in the OHIP-49 and OHIP-14. In the relationship of social demographic factors with oral health related quality of life, the worse the financial condition, the higher in the OHIP-49 and OHIP-14 scores.
Conclusion:The study found that OHIP-49 and OHIP-14 had good reliability. The results showed that the fewer number of teeth remaining the worse of oral health related quality, and more pairs of contacted teeth would improved oral health related quality of life. The OHIP-14 and OHIP-49 have the similar reliability and validatity. In addition, the OHIP-14 has fewer questions. Hence, OHIP-14 may be more feasible in Taiwan for screening the community elderly in the community than the OHIP-49.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； oral status ； quality of life ； OHIP

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