學齡前自閉症類群障礙症兒童父母親親職壓力、因應策略與心理健康的關係

The Relationships between Parenting Stress, Coping Strategy and Mental Health in Mothers and Fathers of preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

楊雅如(Ya-Ju Yang)

指導教授 ： 吳進欽

高雄醫學大學/人文社會科學院/心理學系碩士班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

研究目的：自閉症類群障礙症（autism spectrum disorder, ASD）兒童父母的親職壓力及使用的因應策略，會影響自己心理健康的問題，如：憂鬱。本研究以5歲以下學齡前ASD兒童父母親為對象，探究其親職壓力、因應策略與心理健康問題的關係。
研究方法：受試者為62對ASD兒童父母，父親平均年齡為37.66歲，母親平均年齡為34.39歲。以親職壓力量表（Parenting Stress Index, PSI）和簡明因應量表（Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Scale, B-COPE）分別測量父、母親的親職壓力與因應策略；以貝克憂鬱量表第二版中文版（Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, BDI-Ⅱ）和貝克絕望感量表中文版（Beck Hopelessness Scale, BHS）分別測量父、母親憂鬱情緒和絕望感。
研究結果：（1）B-COPE分量表進行探索性因素分析，得到三個因素，分別是：社會支持因應策略、問題焦點因應策略及迴避轉移因應策略。（2）父親方面，問題焦點因應策略和憂鬱、絕望感呈負相關，迴避轉移因應策略與憂鬱、絕望感正相關；母親方面，與父親結果相同。（3）心理健康問題，父親方面，親職壓力、問題焦點因應策略及迴避轉移因應策略，可以預測憂鬱；只有問題焦點因應策略可以預測絕望感。母親方面，親職壓力及迴避轉移因應可以預測憂鬱；親職壓力、問題焦點因應策略及迴避轉移因應策略，可以預測絕望感。
研究結論：本研究發現學齡前ASD兒童父母親採取問題焦點因應策略能改善心理健康問題，迴避轉移因應策略對心理健康問題有不良影響。問題焦點因應策略是父親心理健康問題的預測因素，而迴避轉移因應策略是母親心理健康問題的預測因素。本研究結果可作為臨床實務工作者提供ASD兒童家庭服務時的參考。

關鍵字

自閉症類群障礙症 ； 因應策略 ； 親職壓力 ； 心理健康

並列摘要

Background and objectives：Parenting stress and coping of parents of children ith autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have impacts on their mental health (i.e. depression). The present study for investigates the relationships between parenting stress, coping strategy and mental health in Taiwanes mothers and fathers of preschool children with ASD under 5 years.
Method：In this study, we recruited 62 pairs of mothers and fathers of preschool children with ASD, while father’s average age were 37.66 years old and mother’s average age were 34.39 years old. The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Scale (B-COPE) were used for measuring the parenting stress and coping strategies of preschool children with ASD, respectively. In addition, the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-Ⅱ) and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were used for measuring the depressed mood and feelings of hopelessness of mothers and fathers of preschool children with ASD.
Result：The findings of the study showed: (1) Exploratory factor analysis of B-COPE subscales identified three factors: social support coping, problem-focused coping, and avoidance distraction coping; (2) The problem-focused coping negatively correlated to the depressed mood and feelings of hopelessness of fathers and mothers of preschool children with ASD. Additionly, the social support coping positively correlated to the depressed mood and feelings of hopelessness of fathers and mothers of preschool children with ASD; (3) All of parenting stress, problem-focused coping, and avoidance distraction coping could predict depressed mood in fathers of preschool children with ASD. However, only problem-focused coping ould predict feelings of hopelessnessin father. In addition, both parenting stress and avoidance distraction coping could predict depressed mood in mothers of preschool children with ASD. And, all of parenting stress, problem-focused coping, and avoidance distraction coping could predict feelings of hopelessness in mothers.
Conclusion：This study found that using problem-focused strategy could decline parents’ mental health, and avoidance distraction coping strategy could have adverse effects on parents.health. The problem-focused strategy is a robust predictor of mental health in fathers while avoidance distraction coping strategy is a robust predictor of mental health in mothers. The results of this study could provide the implications clinical practitioners in designing service for the parents and family of children with ASD.

並列關鍵字

autism spectrum disorder ； coping strategy ； parenting stress ； mental health

參考文獻

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