高雄市空氣污染與成年人之健康效應研究

高雄市為台灣第二大都會區與工業重鎮，有較多的空氣污染。最近研究顯示空氣污染會導致心血管疾病的罹病或死亡增加，其生理機轉至今仍不明確，本研究除了探討心血管或吸呼系統的影響，也考量空氣污染物通透至循環系統的傷害，故採用橫斷式研究，探討短時間大氣空氣污染與心血管相關危險因子，以及肺部和肝腎的急性生理變化的關係。我們結合空氣汙染濃度和身體檢查及問卷資料，其中暴露資料為個人地址郵遞區號所屬的行政區，該區最近的環保署(局)台灣空氣品質監測網絡提供一氧化碳、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、臭氧、粒俓小於10µm的懸浮微粒、溫度，和露點等各項日平均值。身體檢查測量含肺功能、生化參數、血清免疫參數與心血管相關危險子的血液參數。結果發現，空氣污染與與肺功能降低，紅血球數、 Hb(hemoglobin)、Hct (hematocrit)、血小板數、白血球數和segment neutro比例的增加，有顯著的相關。肝功能指標方面，二氧化硫濃度增加與AST呈現正相關，但二氧化氮的增加與AST (Aspartate transaminase)和ALT (Alanine transaminase)是反向的關係。本研究沒有發現空氣汙染與腎功能有顯著的影響。我們的結果可說明縱使暴露於現行可接受的空氣汙染濃度下，仍會對生理參數造成影響。

關鍵字

空氣污染；健康效應；血液參數；肺功能；短期效應

並列摘要

The health impact of air pollution has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events thought the involved mechanisms is still unclear. This study was undertaken to determine the association between short-term effect of ambient air pollution in Kaohsiung and blood parameters of cardiovascular risk, pulmonary function, and the influence of circulation system delivered to liver and kidney. Pollution exposure was assigned to subjects on the basis of geocoding. The nearby stations of the Taiwan air quality monitoring network provided the daily ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter, temperature, and dew point. Physical examination including pulmonary function tests, EKG, and also blood parameters were obtained. In single-pollutant models, air pollution was significantly associated with decreased pulmonary function, increased red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, white blood cell counts and proportion of segment neutro. Sulfur dioxide was significantly associated only with aspartate transaminase while nitrate dioxide was associated with decreased alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. No statistically significant association between air pollution and blood urea nitrogen or creatinine. These effects provide considerable biologic plausibility to the cardiovascular studies, and our results revealed that even exposed under acceptable air pollution, it may affect physiological parameters.