不同比例生質柴油/柴油混合油用於小型發電機之廢氣中氣狀污染物探討

Investigation of gas pollutant emissions from exhaust of a small-sized power generator fueled with biodiesel blends

古家馨(Chia-Hsin Ku)

指導教授 ： 彭瓊瑜

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/職業安全衛生研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

石油能源日漸減少，生質柴油以低污染、可從多餘的植物油或是廢食用油加以提煉、不用修改現有的柴油引擎內部結構，使得生質柴油成為燃油的新興替代品。本研究目的為瞭解生質柴油用於柴油發電機燃燒後所排放出的廢氣中氣狀污染物特徵。測試油品包括純生質柴油混合油 B2、 B5、 B10、 B20、與超級柴油等五種油品，經由小型柴油發電機燃燒後，以直讀式廢氣分析儀、LP-2,4DNPH管、Tenax–TA（揮發性有機物質）分別採集廢氣中法規氣體濃度、醛酮類物質、與揮發性有機物質排放因子。實驗結果在醛酮類化合物排放因子中，明顯的可以看出生質柴油皆比超級柴油還要低(D100：5.01 g/L、B2：4.56 g/L、B5：4.33 g/L、B10：4.13 g/L、B20：3.54 g/L)，在揮發性有機物排放因子中，生質柴油的排放因子比超級柴油的排放因子低，但無趨勢遞減(D100：3.22 g/L、B2：1.56 g/L、B5：1.26 g/L、B10：2.72 g/L、B20：1.25 g/L)。此外，以直讀式儀器量測法規氣體濃度，生質柴油經燃燒後所排放的CO、NOX是下降的，總揮發性有機化合物的濃度部份，也是生質柴油濃度較低。所有的生質柴油混合油中，B20的污染排放消減比例最大，因此，以污染排放的觀點而言， B20適合作為小型固定式柴油引擎發電機的燃油。

關鍵字

生質柴油 ； 醛酮類化合物 ； 揮發性有機物 ； 法規氣體

並列摘要

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats drawing a lot of attentions for several reasons. It can replace diesel in boilers and internal combustion engines without major adjustments. However, most biodiesel-related researches emphasize on the exhaust emissions of on-road diesel engines, only few studies work on stationary diesel engines. The objective of this study tries to investigate and evaluate the gas pollutant emissions from exhaust of small-sized power generator diesel engines running on biodiesel blends, and the results are compared with those of diesel. Diesel and biodiesel blends (B2, B5, B10 and B20) were used as fuels in an air-cooled engine, four-stroke power generator engine. A exhaust gas monitor, 2,4-DNPH absorbent cartridges, and Tenax-TA thermal desrobed tubes were used to measure regulated gas pollutants, carbonyl chemicals, and volatile organic compudns (VOCs), respectively. Results show exhaust emissions from biodiesel blends have less emissions in carbonyl chemical(D100：5.01 g/L、B2：4.56 g/L、B5：4.33 g/L、B10：4.13 g/L、B20：3.54 g/L), VOCs(D100：3.22 g/L、B2：1.56 g/L、B5：1.26 g/L、B10：2.72 g/L、B20：1.25 g/L), CO and NOx. B20 has the most reduction rate among the blends; therefore, B20 is the most applicable blend to be used in the tested engine in this study.

並列關鍵字

biodiesel ； carbonyl chemicals ； volatile organic compounds ； regulated gas pollutants

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