職業婦女孕期不適症狀、壓力、社會支持
與孕期適應之相關性研究

本研究目的係探討職業婦女孕期不適症狀、壓力、社會支持與孕期適應的相關性。採相關性描述性研究設計，以立意取樣方式在南部兩所地區教學醫院產前門診，收集懷孕期的職業婦女217名。研究工具為結構式問卷，內容包括五個部分：（一）個人基本屬性資料表（二）孕期不適症狀量表（三）孕期心理壓力量表（四）孕婦社會支持量表（五）孕期適應自我評量表。將所得資料以描述性統計、推論性統計之獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析及逐步複迴歸進行統計分析。研究結果發現：(1)計畫懷孕在孕期適應方面具有顯著差異。(2)基本屬性中的年齡、職業、家庭型態、與母親及婆婆同住、胎次、流產經驗、計畫懷孕及胎兒性別符合期望與孕期適應具有顯著的相關。(3)孕期不適症狀方面噁心嘔吐（害喜）、腳抽筋及下肢水腫等與孕期適應具有顯著的相關。(4)孕期心理壓力、社會支持與孕期適應具有顯著的相關。(5)孕期心理壓力、社會支持、計畫懷孕及胎兒性別符合期望為孕期適應之重要預測因子，可解釋總變異量為36.5%。本研究結果可提供孕期照護人員於產前衛教設計及相關健康策略推廣之參考。

關鍵字

職業婦女；孕期症狀；孕期心理壓力；社會支持；孕期適應

並列摘要

Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study and investigate the relationship among the prenatal illness, stress, social support and prenatal adaptation for the career women. Research is designed as the study of the correlated descriptions. Based on the purposive sampling, two hundreds and seventeen valid subjects of two hospitals in Kaohsiung have been collected. The research tools are the structural questionnaires which include five parts: (1) the basic data of the personal characteristics (2) the prenatal illness measure tables (3) the pregnancy stress rating examinations (4) the maternity social support measure tables (5) the prenatal self-evaluation questionnaire (PSEQ). The collected data are analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The research results of this study are presented as follows. (1) There are significant variations in prenatal adaptation for the scheduled pregnancy. (2) For a specified sample, the prenatal adaptation is significantly correlated with the age, occupation, family style, living with their mother and mother-in-law, number of the pregnancies, abortion experience, scheduled pregnancy, and baby sex answering to the expectation. (3) The prenatal adaptation is significantly correlated with the nausea, vomiting, convulsion of legs, and pitting edema. (4) The prenatal adaptation is significantly correlated with the pregnancy psychological stress and social support. (5) The important factors to predict the criterion variables of prenatal adaptation include the pregnancy psychological stress, social support, scheduled pregnancy and baby sex answering to the expectation. There factors account for about 36.5% of variance. The results of this research would help the obstetric nurses to provide appropriate prenatal class design. Moreover, they are valuable reference for the popularization of the health strategies.