配偶罹癌死亡的男性喪偶者其生活經驗初探

本研究旨在探討「配偶罹癌死亡的男性喪偶者其生活經驗」，著重其失喪後的失落反應與調適、生活轉變等經驗的探討，並做深度的觀察與描述，藉此了解與呈現研究參與者喪偶後的生活樣貌，以及個人在喪偶事件中所體現的生命意義。本研究採用敘說研究方法，透過與三位研究參與者一對一深度訪談的方式進行資料收集，將訪談內容謄寫成逐字稿、轉譯成個人的生故事文本，並針對文本進行分析。初步研究結果發現分為悲傷與調適、家庭、社交、信仰四部分：第一部分喪偶者在喪偶前，即開始自預期失落中著手分離的準備；喪偶後，獨自承受配偶離世的傷慟，藉由工作、活動轉移注意力，也努力尋求生活寄託，同時帶著傷慟和記憶繼續前行。第二部分喪偶者與原生家庭關係更緊密，家人提供許多工具性的協助，如家務工作，然而對於年長又必須獨居的老年男性喪偶者，家事工作必須重新學起，是為喪偶後生活適應和調整較困難的部份；家人對於喪偶事件避免談起，彼此心領神會。第三部份年輕喪偶者會主動尋求外援、透過訴說抒發自己的哀傷情緒，社交狀況無異於喪偶前；年長喪偶者則視「喪偶」為與人互動的禁忌，『避免給人帶來霉運』、『等待對年過後』是為停止社交活動的原因。第四部分喪偶的苦難經歷拉近喪偶者與神佛的距離，透過宗教儀式、靈修生活尋求傷慟撫慰與心靈寄託。根據上述結果，本研究提出一些建議供實務界參考。

關鍵字

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並列摘要

This study aims to explore “ the life experience of widowers whose wives died of cancer”. It not only emphasizes the experience of their reaction, adaptation and life transformation after the death of their spouses but also provides in-depth observation and description. Through this study it explains the life style and features of all the participants after the death of their spouses and life meaning presented in the individual incident. This study adopted a narrative research method. The researcher conducted an in-depth interview one by one to collect all the data and then translated verbal interviews into words, which are finally transcribed into life stories of individuals. The text is analyzed based on their life stories. Finally, the three persons accepted the invitation of this interview. The results of this study has been divided into four parts: the grief and adaptation, family, social relationship, and religious faith. The first part is that the surviving spouses set out to separate themselves from their beloved ones first from anticipated loss before the death of their spouses. After their spouses die, the surviving widowers have to bear all the grief and sorrow alone. By working or joining the activities, the survivors can shift their attention to other things. Meanwhile, they also strive to look for something to rely on in their life and continue to move forward with all the grief and sorrow memories. The second part is that the surviving spouses have a closer relationship with their original family. For example, family can provide a lot of tool-oriented assistance such as chores. However, for those older widowers who must live alone without their spouses, they have to learn to do housework from the ground, which is much harder part for them to adjust their single life after the death of their spouses. Family,who are all aware of it, avoid speaking of it in front of the person concerned. The third part is that young widows will proactively look for outside assistance and relieve their grief and sorrow by expressing their emotions. Furthermore, their social life before or after the death of their spouses remains unchanged. The older surviving spouse regards widowerhood as a taboo of having an interactive relation with others. ”Avoid giving people bad lucks”and “wait for the year to come” are the reasons to stop social activities. The fourth part is that the ordeals widowers have undergone pull themselves close to the God. Through religious rituals or spiritual life, they can find out ways to soothe their sorrows and put their mind at rest. At last, some suggestions are offered for the practices.