教育方案對加護病房護理人員在器官勸募態度及行為意向之效應

本研究旨在探討「教育方案」對加護病房護理人員在器官勸募態度、行為意向之效應。研究採前後測雙組實驗設計，立意取樣南部某醫學中心六個加護病房單位護理人員，本研究在護理人員完成前測後，以加護病房為抽樣單位進行抽籤，隨機分派三個加護病房至實驗組，三個加護病房至控制組，共收集135位研究對象，包括實驗組73人及控制組62人。控制組受試者閱讀「器官捐贈宣導手冊」，實驗組受試者除了閱讀「器官捐贈宣導手冊」外，並接受「器官捐贈教育方案」介入。兩組受試者均接受「器官勸募態度量表」、「器官勸募行為意向量表」之前測，及教育方案介入後一星期之第一次後測與二個月後之第二次後測。研究資料以SPSS 14.0版套裝軟體進行分析。以描述性統計、卡方檢定、配對t檢定、獨立t檢定、重複量數雙因子變異數分析進行資料檢定。研究結果發現：教育方案介入後，實驗組在器官勸募態度的前後測組內比較及前後測差異組間比較均達統計上的顯著差異（p＜.05）；實驗組在器官勸募行為意向的前後測組內比較達統計上的顯著差異（p＜.05），但是前後測差異組間比較未達顯著差異（p＞.05）；實驗組於器官勸募態度之前後測差異顯著優於控制組。結果顯示隨著時間改變的趨勢，教育方案介入的實驗組在器官勸募態度漸趨增加，但在器官勸募行為意向卻未有改變的趨向，據此實證結果建議將教育方案落實於臨床護理人員的在職教育訓練中，建議未來研究者能推展以「計畫行為理論」為根基的介入措施方案於實證研究領域。

關鍵字

加護病房護理人員；器官捐贈；態度行為意向；計畫行為理論

並列摘要

This study aimed to explore the effects of an educational program on ICU nurses’ attitude and behavior intention on advocating deceased donor organ donation. This is a prospective randomized study with evaluation taken before and after implementation of intervention. The samples were ICU nurses recruited from a southern Taiwan medical centre. One hundred and thirty five nurses from 6 ICUs participated in this study. Using ICU as the randomization unit, 3 ICUs were assigned to the experimental group (73 nurses) while the other 3 ICUs to the control group (62 nurses). The nurses were required to completely 2 evaluation forms; “attitude on advocating organ donation” and “behavior intention on advocating organ donation”, before and after intervention. Both control and experimental group nurses received the “Organ Donation Handbook”. In addition, the experimental group nurses attended an education program on organ donation as intervention. The post-intervention evaluations were performed at one week and two months thereafter. The data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 14.0. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, paired t-test, independent t-test, two-factor repeated measures analysis were performed. The results showed statistically significant difference (p<.05) in the pre- and post-intervention evaluation of experimental group for both “attitude on advocating organ donation” and “behavior intention on advocating organ donation”. When comparing the difference between the pre- and post-intervention with the control group, statistically significant difference was seen in “attitude on advocating organ donation” (p<.05). However, for “behavior intention on advocating organ donation”, the inter-group difference was not statistically significant (p>.05). This result showed that the institution of educational program on the experimental group had improved the attitude of nurses on advocating organ donation. However, no similar effect could be seen in their behavior intention. The author not only suggest that educational program should be included in the nursing in-service training but also proposed that future researchers extend the "theory of planned behavior" as the foundation of the intervention program on empirical research.