臺灣音樂治療現況探討

The Development of Music Therapy in Taiwan

李蕙如(Alice Hui-ju Lee)

指導教授 ： 張肇松

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/醫務管理暨醫療資訊學系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2014.00145

摘要

中文摘要
研究背景與目的
根據世界音樂治療聯盟的統計，全球目前約有四十五個國家有音樂治療師執業。最早一次的世界音樂治療會議於法國舉辦於1974年；此會議每三年舉辦一次，至今已有13次。音樂治療的定義為「音樂治療是有執照的音樂治療專業臨床且實證地運用音樂在治療關係中達成個人目標」。音樂治療臨床服務的對象大多為弱勢族群，包括：自閉症、癲癇、發展遲緩等需要早期療育的兒童以及腦部退化性疾患等病患。然而，在臺灣音樂治療仍是一個陌生的名詞。本研究探討國內外音樂治療發展，以期引起更多人對音樂治療的重視及推動相關法規的成立。
研究方法
本研究為探討音樂治療在臺灣的發展現況，由於音樂治療無法使用健保資料庫，本研究採系統回顧和訪談。系統回顧資料來源蒐集首重第一手文獻，包括：(1) 國內外音樂治療資料與音樂治療協會網站資源；(2)組織檔案，如：協會公開文件，讀書會紀錄等；(3) 期刊文獻和專書； (4) 訪談記錄。研究進行過程中，輔以半結構問卷訪談音樂治療師，以暸解目前臺灣音樂治療現況。
研究結果
由本研究實證分析結果，儘管台灣醫療院所已逐步執行音樂治療，其中包括醫學中心、區域醫院，和地區醫院。但成立音樂治療的醫療院所比率仍偏低，約佔全台灣醫療院所的百分之四。 根據受訪者的彙整，台灣民眾對於音樂治療仍相當陌生，執行音樂治療的困難原因包括：為不被其他專業瞭解、大眾認知專業劃分模糊、家長不太清楚音樂治療、能見度低、宣傳不完整，學生人數偏低，收入較不穩定等。
結論與建議
雖然音樂治療學科的創建到現在僅僅幾十年的時間，並以相當的速度在世界各國發展，眾多領域學者對於這一嶄新學科表現出極大的熱情，然而在醫療機構的推廣仍然有待加強。 臺灣的音樂文化遺產是非常豐富的，適合音樂治療的推廣，但仍有賴政府機關及醫療院所多加以宣導，及能夠以為音樂治療師立法為訴求，並核發給個人用來彰顯或認可該項技術能力的資格證明文件。

關鍵字：系統回顧、音樂治療、訪談、音樂治療師

關鍵字

音樂治療 ； 系統回顧 ； 音樂治療師 ； 訪談

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
Background
According to the world federation of music therapy, there are about 45 countries worldwide music therapists practicing. The first time in the world of music therapy sessions was held in France in 1974. This conference is held every three years, and has been 13 times. “Empirical use of music therapy and is a licensed professional clinical music therapy music to reach personal goals in the therapeutic relationship” is defined as music therapy. The most population music therapy serves includes autism, epilepsy, developmental delay and other children in need of early intervention, and degenerative disorders such as patients with dementia. However, music therapy is still an unfamiliar term in Taiwan. This study investigates the development of music therapy at home and abroad, in order to attract more people pay attention to music therapy and promote the establishment of relevant laws and regulations.
Research Methods
Music therapy is not covered by national health insurance. To understand the current situation of Taiwan music therapy, the study selected systematic review, data sources gathering first hand first heavy literature, including: (1) Web resources: music therapy data base at home and abroad; (2) organization files, such as: association documents, and study records; (3) periodical literature and books; (4) interviews. During the research, semi-structured interview questionnaire with music therapists were conducted to understand the current status of music therapy in Taiwan.
Results
The empirical analysis ofthe results from the present study showed, medical institutions in Taiwan have gradually adopted the implementation of music therapy. The percentage rate of medical institutions in Taiwan that own music therapy department is however low at about 4%. According the interview, the difficulties for music therapy to grow include, not well known by the health alliances, not known by the public, low income, and not enough space, etc.
Conclusions and Suggestions
Music therapy disciplines have just established a few decades; however, with considerable speed development in the countries of the world, many scholars in the field for this new discipline showed great enthusiasm. With its own unique advantages exists, music is very rich cultural heritage in Taiwan, well suited to promote music therapy. It is suggested that the government and the health institutions promote and recognize music therapy as one health profession.

Keywords: systematic review, music therapy, interview, music therapists

並列關鍵字

music therapy ； systematic review ； music therapist ； interview

參考文獻

Reference

1. Davis, W.B., Gfeller, K. E. & Thaut, M. H.(2008). An Introduction to Music Therapy. McGraw-Hill Publisher.

2. Bruscia, K.E. (1998). Defining Music Therapy (2nd Edition). Barcelona Publishers.

3. Peters, J.S. (2000).Music Therapy: An Introduction. Charles C Thomas Publisher.

4. Kaplan, R.S.& Steele, A. L. (2005).An analysis of music therapy program goals and outcomes for clients with diagnoses on the autism spectrum. Journal of Music Therapy.42(1). 2-19.