九二一震災重傷影響因素之探討

Investigation of Injured Factors of Residents in the 921 Earthquake

楊靜子(Chin-Tzo Yang)

指導教授 ： 洪玉珠

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/公共衛生學研究所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

1999年9月21日凌晨1：47，發生芮氏規模7.3的強烈地震，共造成53,406戶房屋全倒、54,104戶房屋半倒（行政主計處，1999），罹難者多達2,492人，重傷者亦有739人（內政部建築研究所，2001）。由於地震發生於凌晨1時47分，民眾皆已進入睡眠狀態，致使絕大多數的罹難者因建築物倒塌而喪生。本研究之目的乃為更進一步了解建築物特性、建築習慣、室內空間規劃、逃生避難認知、行為與民眾受傷程度的相關性。
由於921地震重傷者，以台中縣、市及南投縣居多，因此本計畫即以該三區為主要訪視區，共訪視有效重傷者問卷134名，及對照組輕、未受傷者問卷236名。研究工具以問卷訪視為主，問卷內容包括「基本資料」、「921地震發生時之情形及受傷狀況」、「921地震發生時建築物之狀況」及「認知、態度、行為」等四大部分。訪視期間於民國91年6月至9月。
本研究發現重傷者與罹難者，皆以61歲以上者佔最多，輕、未受傷者，則相反的以20歲以下者居多。八成的重傷發生於主震時，為房屋的主結構壓傷，以下肢佔最多。房屋「全倒」是罹難者與重傷者的重要因素，房屋震損的危險因子，經區辨分析得知，有屋齡、構造與類型等三種。重傷者的住屋，台中縣、市多以屋齡25年以上的土塊厝為主，南投縣則以屋齡15年以上之加強磚造與磚造居多。認知、態度與行為之得分，輕、未受傷者顯著高於重傷者。經邏輯式迴歸分析得知，性別、年齡與學歷是認知的影響因子，態度與行為的影響因子則為學歷。又，震災受傷狀況的危險因子，經邏輯式迴歸分析得知，有房屋震損程度，地震時的反應，以及震前的認知等，皆顯著影響重傷的發生。

關鍵字

逃生避難認知 ； 建築物 ； 921地震 ； 重傷者

並列摘要

A severe earthquake occurred with 7.3 on the Richter scale, surprisingly at 1:47 am on September 21, 1999. It made 53,406 buildings collapsed completely, 54,104 collapsed partially, 2, 492 people died and 739 people injured seriously. For it happened at the midnight, most of people were in deep sleep, so as to a large number of people died because of their collapsed houses. The main objective of this study is to investigate the characters of the buildings, the structure, the indoor space, planning, knowledge, attitude, behavior of evacuation, then, to understand the relations between them and injured degree.
Most of the seriously injured people dwelt in Tai-Chung County, Tai-Chung City and Nan-Tou County. Therefore, we visited 134 serious injuries and 236 slight injuries or non-injuries with the questionnaires from the above three areas. The questionnaire was consisted of four parts, including basic demography, the situation of the earthquake and the injured people, the buildings condition at the time when the earthquake happened, knowledge, attitude and the behavior of evacuation.
The results showed that the greater part of the serious injuries and victims were over 61 years old. On the contrary, majority of the slight injuries or non-injuries were below 20 years old. 80% of the serious injuries occurred in the main earthquake, compressed by the buildings structure, especially the lower limbs injury. Completely collapse buildings were the crucial factor for the serious injuries and the victims. The building ages, structure and the building types were risk factors of the destroyed buildings with the discriminant analysis. Serious injuries’ properties were approximately clod house over 25 years old in Tai-Chung County and Tai-Chung City, but approximately brick structure over 15 years old in Nan-Tou County. The scores of the slight injuries and non-injuries were higher than serious injuries in knowledge, attitude, and behavior of evacuation. There are three influencing factors for knowledge with logistic regression analysis, including gender, age and education. And then the education was the crucial influencing factor for the attitude and the behavior of evacuation. In addition, degree of destroyed building, response of the earthquake occurred and the knowledge of evacuation, were significant risk factors for serious injuries.

並列關鍵字

earthquake ； serious injury ； building ； knowledge of evacuation

參考文獻

參考文獻

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