九二一震災後民眾死亡概念與態度之調查

A Survey of People's Concepts and Attitudes Towards Death After the 921 Earthquake

釋宗惇(Tsung-Tueng Bhikkuni) ； 釋傳願(Chuan-Yuan Bhikkuni) ； 陳慶餘(Ching-Yu Chen)

《安寧療護雜誌》 8卷3期 (2003/08) Pp. 245-258

https://doi.org/10.6537/TJHPC.2003.8(3).1

摘要

本研究依據死亡恐懼議題先行調查後製成問卷，在九十一年十月至十二月期間針對台北縣市和南投縣民眾採立意取樣的方式，共調查244位民眾，針對問卷中九二一地震後有關死亡概念和死亡態度部份進行統計分析，其結果如下：男性佔31.9%，女性68.1%，平均年齡43.6歲（±10.6），教育程度以高中（職）35.5%最多。北部縣市和南投縣分別為63.5%和36.5%。以佛教徒71.1%最多，虔誠度高（71.1%），少數（10%）有重度損失。對於死亡的情緒反應以「恐懼」27%最高，其次為悲傷14%、不捨14%；災後對於死亡的意義呈現正負兩種看法，前者以「死是一種必經之過程，應隨遇而安、坦然面對」36%最高，後者以「死亡是未知」13%最多；對於死亡的期望，以「希望死後往生淨土」41%最多，其次為「學習安住正念以面對死亡」29%、「隨時需做後事安排」26%。死亡態度的五種型態：分別為，知命型61%、享樂型18%、憂天型9%，盲從型7%、忌諱型6%。從死亡概念、死亡態度和基本資料的相關分析，性別（男或女）、年齡（大於或小於40歲）、教育程度（高中或大專以上），居住地（台北縣市或南投縣）、宗教（佛教或非佛教）、虔誠度（虔誠或普通），以及受損情況（有或無），對上述各變項或多或少都有相關，此相關性可視為危險群。針對每一危險群將來在臨床上推動生與死教育，做為主題擬定的重要參考。

關鍵字

死亡概念 ； 死亡態度 ； 地震

並列摘要

A self-designed structuralized questionnaire given on the topic of the fear of death was conducted from October to December 2002. The study surveyed 244 people of Taipei and Nantou counties. After statistical analysis part of content on concepts and attitudes towards death given by respondents, the results were as follows: There were 31.9% of males and females 68.1%. The mean age was 43.6 years (±10.6). High school graduates was the most common educational level (35.5%). 63.5% of the respondents lived in Taipei and 36.5% lived in Nantou County. Buddhists were the majority (71.1%). Highly devout was also 71.1%. A minority of them (10%) suffered severe losses from the earthquake. Of the feelings towards death, “fear” scored highest at 27%, “sorrow” and “Can’t bear the thought of it” both followed with 14%; after the earthquake disaster both positive and negative perspectives on death emerged. Of the former, the most widely held view at 36% was that “death is a process everyone goes through; we should reconcile ourselves to that and face it calmly”; of the latter the most widely held opinion was that “death is the unknown” at 13%. Concerning the expectation of death, the highest was 41% with “after death I hope I am reborn in the Pure Land.” Next, at 29% was “study the correct means to calmly face death” and at 26% “make the necessary preparations because death could occur at any moment.“ The five attitudes towards death scored as follows: “acceptance of mortality,” with 61%; “hedonistic,” with 18%; “worry” at 9%; “do not think about it” at 7% and “taboo” at 6%. Factors affecting the concepts and attitudes toward death include gender, age, educational level, residence, religion, level of devotion and circumstances of loss. We proposed those who associated with above variables as high-risk groups. In the future of live and death education the high-risk patterns were important reference for personalized subjects to plan.

並列關鍵字

death concept ； death attitude ； earthquake