外籍與本籍配偶對嬰幼兒的口腔保健知識與行為比較--以高雄市三民西區為例

中文摘要研究背景：外籍生母嬰兒出生數，自91年12.5%，92年上升至13.5%，人數並呈逐年成長趨勢，如此高成長的結果，不得不引起社會的重視。近年來，以外籍配偶為議題在健康行為方面研究相繼出現，但大多以婦女健康，產前檢查行為等主，鮮少提及外籍配偶對下一代口腔衛生之相關探討，因此引發本研究動機。研究目的：在探討外籍與本籍配偶的嬰幼兒口腔保健知識與行為之相關性與影響因素。研究方法：本研究選擇於九十三年八月一日前現居地在高雄市三民西區之四個月~三歲嬰幼兒及其外籍與本籍母親，為主要研究對象，參與本研究的個案共有156人，包括78位本籍配偶及78位外籍配偶。研究工具是嬰幼兒身體生長發展評估、嬰幼兒口腔檢查、及結構式問卷，問卷內容包括人口學基本資料、口腔保健行為、0-3歲嬰幼兒飲食攝取資料、母親之口腔健康保健觀念。研究結果：在各個階段嬰幼兒口腔清潔習慣，本籍配偶（54.10~93.78%）較大陸籍（28~58.33%）與東南亞籍（51.43~60.87%）配偶執行率高。在睡前喝奶後有清潔口腔習慣，本籍配偶（34.51~43.24%）比大陸籍（13.64~33.33%）與東南亞籍（17.14~21.74%）配偶佳。口腔健康知識得分以本籍配偶（13.69±2.65）為最高，大陸籍配偶（11.04±2.23）次之，東南亞籍配偶（7.30±3.99）最低。經逐步複迴歸篩選變項發現，影響口腔健康知識分數之重要因素是國籍為大陸籍、東南亞籍及母親教育程度，在調整了其他變項因素後，大陸籍配偶比本籍配偶少1.74分，東南亞籍配偶比本籍配偶少5.35分，母親教育程度專科大學以上比小學以下者多2.11分。以逐步邏輯斯迴歸篩選，影響執行4~6個月嬰幼兒的口腔清潔習慣之重要因素是國籍（為大陸籍），母親職業為家管者及口腔健康知識分數大於14分者（滿分為17分）。結論與建議：由於外籍配偶口腔衛生知識行為較低，故提供有效的口腔衛生教育介入措施是有必要的，由於外籍配偶語文溝通、閱讀能力匱乏時，更需要有其個別的衛教介入方式，建議於產前檢查時開始協助這些婦女增加嬰幼兒口腔衛生知識，並增加對本地語言的教導，提昇照護嬰幼兒口腔衛生能力，以增進嬰幼兒的口腔健康。關鍵字：嬰幼兒、口腔保健知識、口腔保健行為、外籍配偶

關鍵字

嬰幼兒；口腔保健知識；口腔保健行為；外籍配偶

並列摘要

Abstract Background： In recent years there has been an increase in the number of foreign mothers in Taiwan. From 2002 to 2003, foreign mothers’ baby birth rate increased from 12.5% to 13.5%. With such a high increase, we may consider this as an important matter in our society. The foreign wife’s health issues and antenatal examination have all been discussed to a great degree in the health behavior research, but less has been reported about their next generations’ oral hygiene and related factors. Hopefully this research will give deeper insight into this area. Study objective： This study aims to explore the related factors affecting the behavior and the knowledge of children’s oral health between foreign and native mothers. Methods： The study sample was taken from four-month to three-year old children and their foreign or native mothers living in the western section of Sanmin District in Kaohsiung City since 1st August 2004. The total sample number was 156 cases which included 78 native mothers and 78 foreign mothers. The researchers collected data concerning body examination of children and administered a structural questionnaire. The body examination included body growth and oral status of children. The questionnaire contained basic demographic information, oral health behavior, diet habits of these children , and their mother’s oral health knowledge, which containing 17 questions and was scored from 0-17. Results : As for habits of oral cleaning in different stages , the native mothers were more efficient than mainland Chinese and Southeast Asian ones. In addition to the mother’s own oral health behavior there was no direct effect on the children’s oral cleaning behavior,but in oral health knowledge, the native mothers had the highest scores, followed by mainland Chinese and Southeast Asian mothers. It was found that the mother’s nationality(especially the mainland Chinese and Southeast Asians) and education level were important factors affecting the oral health knowledge,as determined by multiple regression analysis. The mother’s nationality(especially the mainland Chinese), mother’s vocation (being a housekeeper) and higher oral health knowledge were all important factors affecting the habits of oral cleaning in children. Conclusion： Because the foreign mothers have poorer oral health knowledge, it is necessary to provide oral health education intervention for them. Moreover, when these foreign mothers have difficulty in communication and reading, providing oral health education one-on-one is more appropriate for them. In order to improve the ability in taking care of children’s oral health, this study suggests that we can help the foreign mothers learn more oral health knowledge during the prenatal examination and enhance Mandarin language learning. Keywords: children , oral health knowledge, oral health behavior, foreign mothers