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  • 學位論文

精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病病人心理困擾與糖尿病自我管理之探討

Exploring psychological distress and diabetic self-management in patients with mental illness and Type 2 diabetes

指導教授 : 余靜雲

摘要


研究背景:世界衛生組織(The World Health Organization, WHO)指出精神疾病患者罹患糖尿病,有逐漸增加全球負擔的趨勢。且有研究顯示糖尿病與心理困擾有極高的相關性;以及重度精神疾病患者,往往受精神症狀影響忽略了身體健康,改變的動機也可能有限,對糖尿病的自我管理帶來挑戰。有鑒於國內有關精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病人心理困擾與糖尿病自我管理之研究探討甚少,因而引發本研究動機。 研究目的:瞭解精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病人心理困擾、糖尿病自我管理狀況。探討人口學特性及疾病特徵、心理困擾,對於糖尿病自我管理的影響。 研究方法:本研究為橫斷式研究,以立意取樣,樣本選取於南部一家精神專科醫院,診斷為思覺失調症(Schizophrenia)、雙相情緒障礙症(Bipolar disorder)或憂鬱症(Depressive disorder)合併第二型糖尿病患者,共計90人。採結構式問卷進行資料蒐集。研究工具包括個人人口學特性及疾病特性、憂鬱、焦慮、壓力量表(Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, DASS-21)及糖尿病自我管理量表(Perceived Diabetes Self-Management Scale, PDSMS)等三部分。所得資料以描述性分析、獨立樣本T 檢定(t-test)、單因子變異數分析(One-way ANOVA)與皮爾森積差相關分析(Pearson's product moment correlation)及簡單迴歸分析(Regression analysis)等進行資料分析。 研究結果:(一)本研究對象來源以住院病人居多,有82人(占91.1%),其次日間照護病人,有4人(占4.4 %),及社區復健中心病人,有4人(占4.4%)。(二)以思覺失調症患者居多,有66人(占77.3 %),其次是雙相情緒障礙症患者有16人(占17.8%),憂鬱症患者8人(占8.9 %)。年齡介於27-79歲之間,平均年齡54.6為歲(SD = 9.7)。(三)精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病人心理困擾情形,整體結果發現,總得分平均為27.1分(SD = 27.2),顯示為輕度困擾。各分量表顯示憂鬱及壓力為正常程度;焦慮為輕微程度。(四)精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病人自我管理情形,整體結果發現,總得分平均為28.5分(SD = 5.2),指標分數得分為71.3分,顯示自我管理為中等程度。(五)人口學特性與心理困擾的關係方面,病人有宗教信仰者,有較高的心理困擾(t = -2.4, p = .02)。另外在過去1星期內糖尿病用藥服藥情形,與心理困擾達顯著性差異(F = 4.53, p = .01),以Scheffe 進行事後檢定分析,其中以「偶而服藥(少於2天)」最高。同時,結果也發現在人口學特性於年齡與心理困擾呈現負相關(r = -.31, p =.19),即年齡越大,心理困擾越小。(六)人口學特性與自我管理的關係方面,在過去1星期內糖尿病用藥服藥情形,與自我管理達顯著性差異(F = 6.11, p = .003),以Scheffe 進行事後檢定分析,其中「偶而服藥(少於2 天)」群組自我管理分數最低。另於精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病病人心理困擾與自我管理的關係,結果病人心理困擾與自我管理呈現負相關(r = -.38, p <.001),即心理困擾越嚴重,自我管理能力越不佳。(七)精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病病人心理困擾是自我管理的重要影響因子,其總解釋變異量為14.4%。 結論:研究發現精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病病人心理困擾與自我管理的關係,顯示心理困擾越嚴重,自我管理能力越不佳。且精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病人心理困擾是自我管理的重要決定因子。 臨床運用:研究結果提供精神衛生照護之醫療人員,瞭解精神疾病合併第二型糖尿病病人之心理困擾與糖尿病自我管理狀況,有助未來發展及推動照護方案,協助病人降低心理困擾與提高對糖尿病自我管理能力。

並列摘要


Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that the burden of severe mental illness with comorbid diabetes is increasing. A previous study indicated that diabetic patients with mental illness met some challenges in following recommended advice for diabetic management, particularly related to their mental health status. However, there is limited research on distress and self-management in diabetes patients with serious mental illness. Objective: The purposes of this study were to explore the relationship among demographic and disease data, psychological distress, and diabetic self-management in diabetes patients with comorbid mental illness. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid mental illness were recruited with convenience sampling from a psychiatric hospital in Taiwan. The participants were assessed with the Depression, Anxiety, Stress scale (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, DASS-21) and the Diabetes Self-Management Scale (PDSMS). Results: Statistical analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS 18.0. The data were analyzed with independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients and simple regression analysis. The results showed that the average score of depression, anxiety, and stress level was 27.1 points (SD = 27.2). The average score of the self-management level was 28.5 points (SD = 5.2). A negative correlation between age and psychological distress (r =-.31, p =.19) was found. In addition, patients with lower adherence of diabetic medicines reported the highest distress. In terms of the difference between demographic characteristics and self-management, patients with good adherence of diabetic medicines reported better diabetic self-management (F = 6.11, p = .003). Patients with higher distress (r = -.38, p <.001) had less diabetic self-management. Psychological distress of patients is the important determinant of self-management. Conclusion: The psychological distress of patients may impede their diabetes self-management. Therefore, health professionals should assess the psychological distress of patients with mental illness and comorbid diabetes and teach patients how to cope with their distress. In addition, self-care is an essential component of effective diabetes management for diabetic patients. Inter-professional practices (IPP) should be developed to help patients improve their self-diabetes management.

參考文獻


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