以河流模式協助長者生命回顧與藝術參與

為瞭解中高齡長者在參與高齡藝術課程，經由河流模式引導執行並分享生命回顧內容，再演出以分享的生命故事編製之戲劇後，所經歷之生命回顧過程，及啟發今後對人生的期待與方向為何?本研究採用質性研究中的現象學，先與共同參與戲劇演出的中高齡長者、授課講師以及共同參與幕前演出之工作人員進行焦點團體訪談，而後針對於焦點訪談中談話內容具代表性之4名參與演出的長者，進行一對一的深度訪談。訪談結果，以現象學分析得出：我的生命之河、生命形塑了我、以及活出人生新篇章三大主題。前兩項主題出自人生歷程回顧，我的生命之河包含了大時代的悲歌、嚴謹制式的家庭教育以及婚姻與家庭；生命形塑了我則包含自我要求、與自己獨處和男女大不同之次主題。第三大主題活出人生新篇章則包含：掌握人生的方向盤、擁有美滿人生以及自我挑戰。從活出人生新篇章得知，中高齡長者學習不間斷，維持健康，知足並珍惜機會，建立嶄新的人際脈絡，於第二人生舞台再創造自我能力，並獲得真正的快樂。本研究內容反映高齡藝術參與及生命回顧對中高齡者生命反思與再造之本土經歷。建議未來可將生命回顧、高齡藝術與創意老化的相關議題置入於成人教育的一環，並且與社區結合，不只能協助高齡者尋求內在正向資源，適應晚年生活，進而更能完成生命統整任務，邁向正向老化。

關鍵字

生命回顧；高齡藝術；河流模式；活躍老化；創意老化

並列摘要

In order to understand the participation of the elderly during the elderly art-related courses , the lecturer would guide them with KAWA model to do life review as well as sharing their life experiences with others, after performing the drama composed of shared life stories, what is the life review process triggered, and inspired the expectations and directions of life in the future? This study uses phenomenology in qualitative research. First, a focus group interview was conducted with the elders, lecturers, as well as staffs participated in the theatre performance, and then focus on the most representative content of slected 4 elder members to do in depth one–on-one interview. The result of the in-depth interviews used by the phenomenological analysis method can be analyzed in to 3 themes: the stream of my life, the shaped life, and the new chapter of life. The first two themes concluded from life review process. The elegy of the great times, rigorous education from original family, and marriage as family stream of my life are subthemes of furst theme. The shaped life contains self-demanding, getting alone only with myself, and gender differences. And the third theme is the new chapter of life, which contains controlling future life, enjoying a real happy life, and facing different life challenges. The senior participants showed how they live a real happy life via life-long learning, maintaining health, cherishing the present and finding contentment, building new interpersonal network, and showing their abilities at the second life stage. The content of this research reflects the local experience of elderly art participation and life review on the reflection and reconstruction of the lives of middle-aged and senior people. It is recommended that in the future, issues related to life review, elderly arts and creative ageing can be included in the adult education, and combined with the community. Not only can it help the elderly to find internal positive resources, adapt to the later life, but also be able to complete life integration mission, towards positive ageing.