台灣南部地區0-6歲兒童齲齒狀況及相關因素之探討

The Dental Caries and its Related Factors of Children Aged Under 6 Years Old in the Southern Taiwan

趙聆惠(Ling-Hui Chao)

指導教授 ： 黃純德

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2006.00137

摘要

背景︰南部地區0-6歲兒童561,137人，佔台灣地區30.27％；台灣地區0-6歲兒童每萬人牙醫師數為51.53名；而南部地區為43.66名。在有限的人力、物力限制下，以南部地區0-6歲兒童為研究調查對象，期望透過口腔檢查，及其主要照顧者問卷調查，來了解兒童齲齒狀況及其影響因素，進而提出防治策略。
目的︰擬探討台灣南部地區0-6歲兒童齲齒狀況及飲食、潔牙、看牙醫經驗等相關因素。
方法︰本研究取材自高雄醫學大學口腔衛生科學研究所「台灣地區6歲以下兒童口腔狀況調查」計畫，對象以台灣南部地區6歲以下兒童為母群體，共收集有效樣本1195份。採分層多段隨機集束抽樣調查法，抽樣機率以等比隨機抽樣(PPS design)方式進行抽樣。以口腔健康檢查及問卷收集相關飲食、潔牙、看牙醫經驗等資料。資料先鍵入Microsoft Access之資料庫，再以SAS與JMP等統計軟體來進行統計分析。
結果︰台灣南部地區0-6歲兒童齲齒狀況調查結果，齲齒顆數為3.54顆、齲齒經驗指數為4.40、齲齒率為68.97％、填補率為18.35％。齲齒狀況ECC者有825人(68.97％)，S-ECC者有536人(44.81％)；齲齒狀況在城鄉呈現統計上顯著的差異。影響0-6歲兒童齲齒之重要因子為居住地區、家中子女數、父親教育程度、喝飲料、潔牙開始時間、口腔檢查間隔、是否接受預防保健服務等。
結論︰台灣南部地區齲齒盛行率最高的縣市為雲林縣，最低為澎湖縣；填補率最高的縣市為嘉義市，最低為台南縣；城市地區兒童的齲齒盛行率比鄉村地區為低，填補率則高於鄉鎮地區；3-4歲是兒童齲齒增加的關鍵期；兒童齲齒顆數與牙醫師服務人數呈現正相關。

關鍵字

齲齒顆數 ； 齲齒經驗指數 ； 齲齒盛行率 ； 齲齒填補率

並列摘要

Background:
The number of children aged from 0 to 6 in southern Taiwan is 561,137 accounding for 30.27% of the total population. In Taiwan, every 10,000 children aged from 0 to 6 are served by 51.53 dentists giving dental service, but only 43.66 dentists in southern Taiwan. Under the limited manpower and material supplies, we investigated children aged from 0 to 6 in southern Taiwan and we expect to better understand the children's situation about decayed teeth and relevant influence through mouth inspectio and a questionaaire completed by care givers' so that we can further propose counter measures to be taken.
Purpose:
We aimed to explore the children in southern Taiwan about some relevant factors like their diets, tooth cleaning and dentist care.
Method:
This research is adopted the “Children's Oral Inspection Survey in Taiwan” project performed by Kaohsiung Medical University Graduate Institute of Oral Health Sciences . Our experimental sample pool focused on children aged from 0 to 6 in southern Taiwan with 1,195 valid samples received. We adopted the stratified multi-stage random cluster sampling Method and the sampling ratio was implemented by means of PPS design with the collected data from oral health inspection and questionnaire about diets, tooth cleaning and dental care history. A database was designed using Microsoft Access and data were analazed using SAS and JMP to implement statistical analysis.
Result:
From the research results of the children aged from 0 to 6 years old in southern Taiwan, we found that the average number of decayed teeth was roughly 3.54 and the deft index of decayed teeth was rated at 4.40. The percentage of decayed teeth was 68.97％ and the percentage of teeth filling rate was 18.35％. There was a total 825 children with ECC（Early Childhood Caries）（68.97％）and 536 children with S-ECC （Severe Early Childhood Caries）(44.81%). It showed a significant variance among villages and towns statistically. The important factors to influence children aged 0 to 6 years old with decayed teeth include residence region, parents' education degree, beverage drinking habits, the age that of teeth cleaning starts, the intervals of oral inspection and the history of preventive health maintenance service.
Conclusion:
The most prevalent region for children with decayed teeth in southern Taiwan was Yunlin County and the lowest was the Penhu County. The highest filling rate percentage was Chiayi City and the lowest was Tainan County. The prevalence of city children's decayed teeth is lower than that of village children, but city children's filling rate percentage was higher than that of village children. Children aged from 3 to 4 face a critical period to increasingly suffer from decayed teeth. The number of children's decayed teeth is positively correlated to the number of dental service givers, but the number of children's decayed teeth is negatively correlated to that of household income.
Key Words︰
decayed teeth、deft index、caries prevalence、filling rate

並列關鍵字

decayed teeth ； deft index ； caries prevalence ； filling rate

參考文獻

1. Axelsson P.An introduction to risk prediction and preventive dentistry, 1st ed.Quintessence Pub Co., 1999.

2. Wang HY, Bian JY, Zhang BX. Oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of children and adolescenter in China：International Dental J 2003; 53/5:289-297.

3.Bonecker M, Marcenes W, Sheiham A. Caries reductions between 1995,1997 and 1999 in preschool childhood in Diadema ,Brazil：International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2002; 12:183—188.

4.Borutta A, Kneist S., Hufnagl S, Moura-Sieber V L , Moura R L R. Caries pattern and risk factors in infants of Ouro Preto, Brazil：Caries Research 2004;38:380.

5.Definition of early childhood caries：Caries Research Reference Manual 2004-2005.