利用氣相層析質譜儀配合微波衍生技術同時偵測尿液中安非他命類、鴉片類與愷他命及其代謝物之分析研究

台灣地區藥物濫用情形日趨嚴重，除了傳統鴉片類藥物(opiates)、安非他命(amphetamine)及甲基安非他命(methamphetamine)的濫用之外，近年來搖頭丸(MDMA) 和愷他命 (ketamine) 等新興濫用藥物的流行，更加深濫用藥物的不良影響層面。針對行政院衛生署公告之管制藥品，其中安非他命類ヽ鴉片類ヽ愷他命及其代謝物共九種，本研究利用氣相層析質譜儀配合微波衍生技術，研發同時偵測尿液中多種濫用藥物如安非他命類、鴉片類與愷他命及其代謝物的簡單快速的分析方法。本研究以氘化同位素當內部標準品，尿液經加熱酸性水解調整酸鹼度與自動化固相萃取後，藉由微波加熱之化學衍生物，使用氣相層析質譜儀以電子游離與離子選擇方式進行定性定量分析研究。研究結果顯示本研究所開發分析方法的分析效能為：最低可定性ヽ定量偵測極限分別為amphetamineヽmethamphetamine (60ヽ70 ng/ml); MDAヽMDMAヽMDEA (50ヽ60 ng/ml); ketamineヽnorketamine (30ヽ40 ng/ml); morphineヽcodeine (40ヽ50 ng/ml); 九種待測物之最高線性範圍均為2000 ng/ml; 皆具有高回收率(> 90%)、良好的再現性(CV< 5%)、以及極佳之線性相關係數 (r2＞0.995)。因此，本研究所建立的同時定性ヽ定量的偵測方法，為一兼具簡單快速ヽ經濟實用且正確可靠的檢驗方法，應能改善目前濫用藥物均為單項毒品尿液檢驗之繁瑣不便，並可降低檢驗時程ヽ有機汙染ヽ溶劑耗材與人力成本，有效地提昇實驗室之整體工作效率。

關鍵字

氣相層析質譜儀；安非他命；甲基安非他命；搖頭丸；愷他命；嗎啡；可待因

並列摘要

Drug abuse in Taiwan is a serious problem. Recently, except for the traditional abused drugs such as opiates, amphetamine and methampheta- mine, the increasing abuse of MDMA and ketamine worsen the effects of abused drugs. In the present study, we aimed to develop a rapid and simple method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MAMP), 3,4-methylenedioxy- amphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), ketamine (KT), norketamine (NK), morphine (MOR) and codeine (COD) in urine. The method involves heat-acid hydrolysis in presence of deuterated internal standards, automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) detection after microwave chemical derivatization. Confirmation and quantification were performed by selected ion monitoring (SIM) and electron ionization (EI) mode. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for AMP and MAMP was 60 and 70 ng/ml, respectively; for MDA, MDMA and MDEA was 50 and 60 ng/ml, respectively; for KT and NK was 30 and 40 ng/ml, respectively; for MOR and COD was 40 and 50 ng/ml, respectively. The upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) was 2000 ng/ml for all compounds investigated. In addition, high recovery (> 90%) and good reproducibility (CV< 5%) of the proposed method were found for the determination of the nine compounds of interest. High correlation coefficients (r2>0.995) were obtained due to the addition of deuterated standards prior to extraction. In summary, the method is simple, effective, and reliable for the determination of abused drugs in urine. Furthermore, it may serve as a confirmatory method for a high throughout laboratory to determine illicit drugs in urine.