- 學位論文
從《淡新檔案》淡屬暖暖公所看清代地方官方建築的營建實務
The Construction Practice of the Local Official Building in the Ching Dynasty :A study on the Nuannuan Official Guesthouse in the Dansin Archives
摘要
淡屬暖暖公所是臺灣清代道光年間，出現在淡水廳北部的一棟建築，記錄這棟建築形成的主要資料是《淡新檔案》。本研究主要透過《淡新檔案》裡淡屬暖暖公所興建的一系列文件，探究淡屬暖暖公所的興建及後續維修過程。 本研究主要探討的課題如下：（一）清代地方政府官方建築自起始到完成會經過哪些程序，如何選址、估價、施工；（二）由哪一個官方部門負責建造？官方部門所扮演的角色為何？遇到需要變更設計或追加預算時，又是如何處理？（三）重新建構暖暖公所的配置、形式、工料、匠師等；（四）由中央政府對地方公共工程的規定，探討地方政府營建的依循原則；（五）清代地方政府的組織與運作，對地方官方建築營建的影響；（六）經由地方政府對官方建築的營建實例，回應營建規定和政府運作。 暖暖公所是官員巡察住宿的地方，依照這類建築的使用性質，通常興建於城外往來通衢上，故暖暖公所興建於淡水廳與噶瑪蘭交通往來的重要節點上。主體建築為前後兩進加上左右護厝，中間有一個拜亭，外圍環以莿竹。暖暖公所的建造屬於清代地方工程的一環，清代各地方政府因興工除需經過層層稽核，支付工程以外的陋規費，還必須為保固期限內的損壞賠修，故對興工之事，並不熱衷。由各地方工程營建案例可知，各工程經費大部分是由各官員或仕紳捐資籌措，再呈報興工，有些工程甚至完全由人民出錢出力完成。暖暖公所的興建經費，亦由淡水同知借款，再分年攤還。暖暖公所的建造，自起議興建到完成使用，歷經繪製圖面、估價、發包、採辦材料、施工、保固維修等步驟，其間還曾經歷追加預算的程序，其整體步驟，與地方政府的營建規定大多是相符的。 本論文藉由《淡新檔案》這份官方的一手資料，以「建築營建」的角度，對清代臺灣的公廨建築營建程序進行分析，從而了解一棟由地方政府主導興建的建築，實際的營建情況。藉此反映清代地方官府的營繕工事，了解清代地方政府營造實務的政策面和執行面的情況。希望經由此建造實務各面向的重構，在進行清代之古蹟修復與維護時，可提供符合建築最初面貌的參考資料，使古蹟修復與維護有更多依據。
並列摘要
The Nuannuan Official Guesthouse was a building set up in the northern part of the Danshuei Ting during the DaoGuang era, and the main resource recording the formation of this building was the Dansin Archives. Based on a series of documents regarding the construction of the Nuannuan Official Guesthouse in the Dansin Archives, the research explores the process of the construction and follow-up maintenance of this building. The main issues explored in this research are as bellow, 1.to reveal the holistic building procedure of the official building of the local government in the Ching dynasty, including site choosing, appraising, and construction. 2.to identify the official department that took charge of the construction, its role in the project, and the way it took to deal with the change of design and the budget added? 3.to reconstruct the arrangement and form of the Nuannuan Official Guesthouse, the materials applied, and the craftsmen participated in the project. 4.to discuss the construction regulations of the local government based on the local public construction regulations set up by the Central government. 5.to reveal the organization and operation of the local government in the Ching Dynasty and its influence on the construction of the local public building. 6. to reflect the construction regulations and government operation based on the practical case of building the official building by the local government. Nuannuan Official Guesthouse was a place providing lodging for the officials on the tour of inspection. For its usage, this kind of architecture was used to being constructed on the major thoroughfare outside of the town, and the Nuannuan Official Guesthouse was built on an important traffic node between the Dansui Ting and the Gamalan. The main structure of the architecture was composed of two rows in the front and back sides, two wing buildings in the right and left sides, and a worship pavilion in the courtyard, and its surroundings was planted with bamboo. The construction of the Nuannuan Official Guesthouse belonged to a part of the local construction in the Ching Dynasty. To start the construction, it was needed to pass a series of inspection and audit, pay the extra objectionable fee, and take charge of the damage, indemnification and recondition; therefore, the local government was not interested in the construction affairs in the Ching Dynasty. According to the construction cases of various local governments, most funds for the construction were borrowed and raised from the officials, and then submitted to start the construction. In some cases, people contributed their own efforts and money to complete the construction. The construction budget of the Nuannuan Official Guesthouse was borrowed from the Danshuei official and was repaid in installments in several years. The construction of the Nuannuan Official Guesthouse, from building up to inauguration, went through a series of procedure such as drawing a plan, appraising, purchasing materials, construction, maintenance, and reapportionment. The whole procedure mostly coincided with the construction regulations of the local government. From the perspective of architecture construction, the research applies the first hand official resources, the Dansin Archives, to analyze the procedure for constructing the Official Guesthouse in Taiwan in the Ching Dynasty, and furthermore to reveal the practical situation of constructing architecture dominated by the local government. Through reconstructing various facets of the construction practice, the research result will benefit the conservation and maintenance of the historical architecture in the Ching Dynasty by providing the original reference materials for the historic monument preservation.