北管戲曲中的三國故事探討

北管戲曲在臺灣戲曲的歷史上佔有非常重要的位置，它是人文和藝術結合的最佳實例，亦曾經是臺灣社會中最受歡迎的表演藝術。在北管戲曲中，「三國戲」更是受到觀眾相當的喜愛。本文以北管戲曲的三國故事作為討論對象，並就目前所能取得之劇目抄本或影音資料，對北管的三國戲進行初步的整理和研究。　　收集至今，既知與三國故事相關的北管戲曲共有四十五齣。其中大多可以在《三國演義》或京劇中找到相似或者相同的劇目名稱。本文將透過文本的對照和歷史脈絡的釐清，以瞭解三國故事在北管戲曲抄本或在北管流傳的過程中，產生哪些改變的部分，並再向上溯源討論北管三國故事戲曲之取材出處，與史實又有哪些不同或相同的地方。同時透過與其他劇種的比對，以了解三國故事在北管與其他劇種間所產生的變化。　　在眾多的資料下，本文特別選取兩齣在較具特殊性之戲齣作深入探討。其中將透過〈斬貂〉一齣的故事溯源，與各種文本的比對，延伸探討在各種戲曲中的關羽英雄形象塑造，為什麼在戲曲或小說、話本之中，關羽的形象總是如此完美，而華人社會的「關羽崇拜」對於戲曲又有什麼影響。再另舉唱腔特殊的《長板坡》，以比較在各版本的《長板坡》抄本或整理過後的劇本中，在用詞或腳色安排部分的差異，並針對其全齣反調的唱腔進行分析，進而發現北管戲曲的獨特性。

關鍵字

北管戲曲；三國故事；關羽

並列摘要

Beiguan Opera has a important place in the history of Taiwan traiditonal drama. It is the best example of humanities and arts. The stories of Three Kingdoms are also popular in Beiguan Opera. Focusing on the study of the story of Three Kingdoms and talking about the character from Three Kingdoms in Beiguan Opera. For sort out the Beiguan Opera about the Three Kingdoms deeply, this thesis represents the research of numerous phenomena with different points of view through the repertoires, the manuscripts of Beiguan opera and the audio-visual materials those can be found. There have the 45 plays of Beiguan Opera about the story of Kingdoms has been founded and collected. According to these 45 plays of Beiguan Opera, which can contrast and clarify the historical context to understand what the story of Three Kingdoms has been changed in the manuscripts of Beiguan opera. Also, To understand what is the different about the story of Three Kingdoms between with the Beiguan Opera and the other type of drama. In many materials, this thesis choose two special Beiguan Opera to make a further discussion. Zhǎn diāo Beiguan opera will be the example to look into why Guan Yu always is so perfect in the opera, novel and these story. How can the “Guan Yu Worship” influence the opera. In this thesis also analysis how the difference between the different version of the Zhǎng bǎn pō Beiguan opera. To find the unique through the analysis.