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  • 學位論文

移步而不換形--以梅蘭芳的戲曲舞蹈創作經驗探索戲曲發展新舞式之理論基礎

"Yi Bu Er Bu Huan Xing"(Changing Without Varying The Essential Form):A Discussion Based on Mei Lanfang's Creative Process in Chinese Operas Dancing and in Search of the Method for Developing New "Wu Shi"(Dancing Type)

指導教授 : 陳芳英
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摘要


「移步而不換形」為梅蘭芳對於京劇改革所提出的譬喻,實際上在其表演藝術的 發展過程中,也都不停地在印證其繼承傳統而推陳出新的改革理念。本論文針對其在 戲曲舞蹈部分的創作經驗,推論出中國戲曲舞蹈的三種美學境界:真、形、意,並且 提出戲曲舞蹈的共同特性,也就是行當性、真實性及寫意性。另外,根據齊如山對「舞 式」 - 也就是戲曲身段 - 的討論,探討戲曲發展新舞式的方法及過程。最後,以梅蘭 芳及其弟子胡芝風的戲曲舞蹈創作方式做為代表,以呼應梅派「移步而不換形」的創 造精神。 「戲曲舞蹈」為戲曲中所有舞臺上人物的動作泛稱,以突破傳統「身段」二字在 動作概念上的侷限,並且在「戲劇動作」及「舞蹈動作」兩者間劃分出來,既是戲也 是舞,讓戲曲表演回到歌舞的本質來討論。由於梅蘭芳在戲曲表演方面已經走出了傳 統身段的框架,並且發展出獨特的舞蹈表演,因此以戲曲舞蹈稱之。使用齊如山所說 「舞式」一詞,是為了強調戲曲身段中的舞蹈性及程式性,並且具有將個別舞姿結合 起來而組成不同連續舞蹈的含義,將戲曲舞蹈動靜之問的特殊聯繫突顯出來。事實 上,梅蘭芳在其古裝歌舞新戲中所創造的戲曲舞蹈,正是擷取傳統戲曲中不同的身段 姿式組合美化而成。為了因應時代潮流,戲曲為了表現新人物、新內容,仍有發展新 舞式的必要性,本文便以擴大闡釋梅蘭芳「移步而不換形」的創新精神,來分析整理 其戲曲舞蹈的創作過程,並藉以探究戲曲發展新舞式之理論基礎。本文由於為碩士論 文研究,時問及能力上有所侷限,便專論舞蹈部分,無法顧及音樂,必有所缺憾,僅 能期許未來個人或其他有志者繼續投入研究。

關鍵字

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並列摘要


"Yi Bu Er Bu Huan Xing" (changing without varying the essential form) is a metaphor which Mei Lanfang (the most famous actor in Peking Opera) discussed about the revolution of Peking Opera while he answered the interviewer's question. Actually, Mei Lanfang has been constantly following this concept in his growing of performing art. This thesis focuses on discussing his creative experiences in Chinese Opera Dancing to infer three aesthetic stage:reality, beauty, idea, and proposes the characteristics of Chinese Operas Dancing: character types, factuality, expressing ideas. Moreover, this thesis also studies how to develop new "Wu Shi"(dancing type), body movements and gestures, which name is commented by Prof. Chi Jushan, and confirming Mei's "Yi Bu Er Bu Huan Xing" creative concept. The term of "Chinese Operas Dancing" covers a wide variety of actions in the Chinese Operas stage instead of the traditional term of "Shen Duan". Because "Chinese Operas Dancing" could covers new dancing types of modern Chinese Operas, and it could include dramatic action and dancing action. The term of "Wu Shi" has the meanings of "dancing" and "rule", and it can also explain the action of gathering different body movements and gestures into a new dancing type. This is just Mei Lanfang's creative process in Chinese Operas Dancing. With times changing, Chinese Operas should perform new characters and stories. Therefore, it could be developed new music and dancing. This research explores the concept of "Yi Bu Er Bu Huan Xing" to analyze Mei Lanfang's creative process in Chinese Operas Dancing, and search for the method of developing new "Wu Shi". This thesis is a master's study, which is limited of time and ability, so it will focus on dancing only.

並列關鍵字

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參考文獻


唐君毅(1979),《中國文化之精神價值》。臺北:正中書局。
徐復觀(1979),《中國藝術精神》。臺北:臺灣學生書局。
高校、李維(1983),《中西舞蹈比較研究》。臺北:中華文化復興運動推行
劉嗣(1980),《國劇角色和人物》。臺北:黎明文化事業股份有限公司。
高友工(2004),《中國美典與文學研究論集》。臺北:臺灣大學。

被引用紀錄


劉萍(2012)。品花到賞藝—清代北京相公堂子對京劇旦行表演藝術影響之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺北藝術大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2012.00080
邱幼旻(2008)。《歌德 浮士德》演出報告〔碩士論文,國立臺北藝術大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2008.00018

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