文學文物典藏與捐贈互動之研究— 以國立臺灣文學館琦君與姚一葦之文物捐贈為例

Collecting Literary Artifacts and the Museum’s Interaction with Donors: A Case Study on Chi-Jun and Yao, Yi-wei’s Donation to the National Museum of Taiwan Literature

塗惠雯(Hui-Wen Tu)

指導教授 ： 陳佳利

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2014.00094

摘要

當私人的蒐藏品轉換為博物館的文物，其所有權從私人轉向公眾，主要功能也從私人的賞玩轉變為以研究、展覽及社會教育為目的。而博物館藏品來源之一，便是蒐藏家的文物捐贈。這些文物對於博物館而言，幾乎可以不需要花費購藏經費就能獲得，但往往需要博物館與捐贈者雙方細膩的溝通協調以獲得捐贈。
國立臺灣文學館的館藏來源目前主要是由作家本人、作家家屬或對文學有興趣的蒐藏家捐贈而得，因此對於國立臺灣文學館來說如何徵集在臺灣文壇中有重要影響力的文學家文物，便是研究典藏組主要工作之一。究竟館方如何與捐贈者溝通？而雙方又有何不同的理念與期待？本研究以國立臺灣文學館的琦君與姚一葦文物捐贈為案例，了解館方接受捐贈的動機、過程以及典藏文物的標準，並深入探討作家家屬捐贈文物的心路歷程。研究發現臺文館透過文物徵集人與捐贈人的良好互動以達到徵集館藏的目標，作家家屬捐贈動機則以文物典藏專業與完善保存為首要考量，其次則希望文物得以透過展覽與活動達到教育推廣的目標。在面對海內外相關館舍的競爭，本研究建議臺文館可以多方跨界合作並增聘典藏人力，以補強數位典藏與出版人力不足的情況；而捐贈人也可以積極與博物館交流合作，分享其對文物的知識與故事，以讓珍貴的文學文物能夠永續流傳與分享。

關鍵字

博物館蒐藏 ； 文物捐贈 ； 捐贈者動機 ； 文學文物 ； 臺灣文學館

並列摘要

When private literary artifacts transformed into museum collections, the ownership shifted from private to public. Instead of private admiration, the main functions of these artifacts become research, exhibitions, and education. One major source of museum collections is donation. While it is an economical way for museums to expand collections through donation, it requires effective and careful communication with donors to obtain valuable artifacts.
Today, most of the collections in the National Museum of Taiwan Literature (NMTL) are donations from writers, writers’ family members, or individual collectors. Knowing how to collect influential literary artifacts from Taiwan’s literary circles is inherently one of the main goals of the Research and Collection Division at the NMTL. It is thus crucial to investigate the communication between the museum and its donors, unveiling the underlying expectations and different considerations from both sides. Through the 2 case studies of Chi-Jun and Yao, Yi-wei’s donations to the NMTL, this study contributes to the understanding of the museum’s motivation, standards, and process when accepting donations as well as examines the writer families’ decision-making and intentions to give out artifacts. The study finds that in order to get valuable artifacts, the curators need to establish mutually beneficial relationship with the donors. The principal motivation of donors is to find a good conservation environment of artifacts, then achieve the educational goals through exhibitions and educational programs. Facing severe challenges from other literary museums, this study suggests the NMTL increase their staff member on collection and collaborate with other institutes to avoid shortage on staff. Donors, on the other hand, can take a more active approach to share their knowledge and stories of artifacts to promote meanings of precious artifacts.

並列關鍵字

museum collection ； artifact donation ； donor’s motivation ； collection of literature artifact ； National Museum of Taiwan Literature

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