Bela Bartok鋼琴獨奏作品中的匈牙利民歌應用分析

The Analysis of Hungarian Folktunes Application in Bela Bartok’s Piano Solo Works

彭彥瑜(Yen-Yu Peng)

指導教授 ： 盧文雅

國立臺北藝術大學/音樂學院學術論文/音樂學研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

民歌，代表著同一民族共同的音樂文化記憶。朗朗上口的旋律經由祖先口耳相傳，使其音樂文化精髓能歷久不衰。但也就因為大多數民歌只以傳唱的方式讓下一代認識，故有遺失的可能。現代音樂學家有感於文化財產消失的遺憾，於近代各國陸續發起民歌採集運動，如國內的史惟亮(1925-1976)、許常惠(1929-2001)，國外如匈牙利作曲、鋼琴、音樂學家Bela Bartok(1881-1945）。
　　Bela Bartok是享譽世界的匈牙利鋼琴家、鋼琴教育家、作曲家及民族音樂學家。作為鋼琴家及鋼琴教育家，他巡迴世界各地演奏並創作鋼琴學習教材；作為作曲家，他以奇異的和聲、極端的樂器音色創造出新穎的音響；身為民族音樂學家，他除了採集東歐各國民歌之外，並將之運用在其音樂作品中進行再創作。
　　Bela Bartok一生中的音樂作品種類多元而豐富，其中又以鋼琴獨奏作品數量最多，從1906年開始至1918年結束。在這長達13年的民歌採集運動共採集到大約2800多首的匈牙利民歌，為其日後的創作提供了新的創作素材來源，在鋼琴獨奏作品中，因此其中有不少都是以民歌為創作基礎的再運用作品，搭配Bela Bartok的多變創作技法為作品呈現獨特的風貌。本研究將以其4組鋼琴獨奏作品－Three Hungarian Folksongs from Csik(1907)、Three Hungarian Folktunes(1914-1918)、Fifteen Hungarian Peasant Songs(1914-1918)、Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Peasant Songs(1920)為例，作匈牙利民歌旋律再運用在旋律、和聲及節奏等面向的應用分析。

關鍵字

Bela Bartok ； Three Hungarian Folksongs from Csik ； Three Hungarian Folktunes ； Fifteen Hungarian Peasant Songs ； Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Peasant Songs ； 民歌改編曲

並列摘要

Folktunes can be a people’s common culture memory. Ancestors generally passed down these folktunes through oral tradition, so it might disappear. Ethnomusicologists, such as Taiwanese musician Shih Wei-Liang(1925-1976), Hsu Tsang-Houei(1929-2001), and Hungarian musician Bela Bartok(1881-1945), began to collect folktunes in order to protect their own musical culture.
　 Bela Bartok enjoyed great reputation as a Hungarian pianist, piano teacher, composer, and an ethnomusicologist. As a pianist and a piano teacher, he had many concerto tours and composed many piano teaching materials; As a composer, he combined bizarre harmony and extremely instrumental timbre to make novel sound; As a ethnomusicologist, he collected numerous folktunes in eastern Europe and used them as a material to re-created musical works.
Bela Bartok was a versatile, prolific composer. His solo piano works accounted for the bulk among the Category of his composition. He collected about 2800 Hungarian folktunes, and these were the sources for his creation. Many of his solo piano works were based on folktunes with his varied compositional technique. All our efforts are aimed at a significant discovery about how Bela Bartok reused these Hungarian folktunes in his four solo piano works- Three Hungarian Folksongs from Csik(1907), Three Hungarian Folktunes(1914-1918), Fifteen Hungarian Peasant Songs(1914-1918), Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Peasant Songs(1920)in the aspects of melody harmony, and rhythm.

並列關鍵字

Bela Bartok ； Three Hungarian Folksongs from Csik ； Three Hungarian Folktunes ； Fifteen Hungarian Peasant Songs ； Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Peasant Songs ； Transcription of Folktunes

參考文獻

Hungarian Folk Music. New York: AMS Press, 1981.

Kostka, Stefan M, and Dorothy Payne. Tonal Harmony: with an introduction to twentieth-century music. 1st ed. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1984.

Laszlo, Somfai. Bela Bartok: Composition, Concepts, and Autograph Sources. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

Wilson, Paul. The Music of Bela Bartok. New York: Yale University Press, 1992.

Dobszay, L. “Comparative Reasearch into an Old Style of Hungarian Folk Music.” Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, T. 15, Fasc. 1/4 (1973): 15-78.