博物館與視障團體合作關係之探討–以國立自然科學博物館自然學友之家為例

The Collaborative Relationship between the Museum and Organizations for the visually-impaired – A case study of the Naturalist Center at National Museum of Natural Science

余嘉盈(Jia-Yng Yu)

指導教授 ： 陳佳利

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2013.00099

摘要

Sandell主張博物館不能只服務特定文化階層或族群，而應消弭社會的偏見與不平等，保障每個人，不論階級、貧富、身心障礙，皆能有平等參與文化活動的權利與機會。自1990年起，台灣的博物館社群逐漸開始關心身障團體，而其主要的實踐方法是透過特展搭配教育推廣活動，並以視障團體為主要關懷對象。然而面對需求特殊的視障觀眾，博物館要如何與視障團體合作來服務視障觀眾？在合作互動中，彼此的經驗期待又為何？這都是本研究所探討的議題。
本文以國立自然科學博物館的自然學友之家為例，並以2012年自然學友之家所舉辦的視障教育活動為研究個案，使用參與觀察法及半結構式訪談進行研究，期待瞭解博物館與視障團體及參與學校互動之經驗與期待。研究中筆者發現此段合作關係的主要關鍵是由博物館的主動發起，並組織起了與各專業團體間的連結，再透過合作會議提出對於活動的想法與建議，這樣的合作關係介於「專業間團隊合作模式」和「跨專業團隊合作模式」之間。博物館、學校以及視障協會三者則各自扮演了提供科學知識、視障教學方法及視障引導資源三種不同的角色，透過了專業團隊合作會議開啟了更緊密的合作關係與期待，並且從當中建立起博物館公益性的品牌形象。
對於未來合作關係，參與者均期待有更多專業間的交流，如醫療專業的加入，以朝向更多元整合的「跨專業團隊合作模式」，也建議活動中能加入博物館與視障協會的志工參與，並擴大一般志工服務視障團體的訓練，以更加提升博物館的服務品質。本研究則建議博物館應設立身心障礙諮詢委員會，規劃服務身心障礙者中長期政策，並進行相關活動的評量，以持續增進博物館對不同身心障礙觀眾服務的專業。

關鍵字

合作關係；視障團體；社會包容

並列摘要

Sandell has asserted that museums are not only for people of a certain cultural class or ethnic group, but should dispel social prejudice and inequality and protect the rights and opportunities for individuals in spite of social classes, rich and poor, physically and mentally disabled to participate in cultural activities equally. From 1990s, museum communities in Taiwan gradually began to express concerns for physically disabled groups, mainly through special exhibition and educational promotion activities and with the focus on visually-impaired visitors. However, for visually-impaired visitors with special needs, how should museums cooperate with organizations of experts of visually-impaired to serve their needs? What are the expectations and experiences of museums and these organizations during the collaboration? These are the questions that this study seeks to address.

This paper applies the educational activities for visually-impaired students held by the Natural Center at the National Museum of Natural Science in 2012 as a case study to explore the experiences and expectations in the collaborative relationship of the museum, organizations of visually-impaired and participated schools through participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The study found that the core concept of this collaborative relationship and the connections between professional groups were initiated and organized by the museum; meanwhile, the ideas and suggestions of activities were developed through the collaborative conferences. This collaborative relationship was between “inter-disciplinary collaborative team model” and “trans-disciplinary collaborative team model”. In the collaboration, museums, school and organizations of visually-impaired took different roles as offering scientific knowledge, teaching method of visually-impaired and resource guidance of visually-impaired. The inter-disciplinary collaborative team conference also inspired closer cooperative relationships and expectations and built up museums’ brand image of public welfare.

The participants proposed more inter-disciplinary exchanges such as incorporate with medical professional in order to set out a more multi-integrated “trans-disciplinary collaborative team model” in future collaborations. To enhance the service quality of the museum, the participants also proposed to involove more volunteers’ participation and extend trainings for volunteers in giving assistance to the visually-impaired visitors. On the other hand, the study suggests that museums should set up advisory committee and mid and long term service policies for persons with disabilities and evaluate related activities, in order to enchance the professional competence of services for different kinds of disabled in the museum.

並列關鍵字

Collaborative Relationships ； Organizations of Visually-impaired ； Social Inclusion

參考文獻

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