三芝坪仔田文化景觀之研究

The Terraced Cultural Landscape of Sanzhi

林家鴻(Chia-Hong Lin)

指導教授 ： 林會承

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/建築與文化資產研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2012.00060

摘要

新北市三芝區位於臺灣本島之北海岸，境內多丘陵地，清乾隆末年福建泉州同安籍與汀州永定籍漢人大量入墾此處，在海尾溪、八連溪、陳厝坑溪、大坑溪等流域開闢坪仔田（梯田），歷經200餘年的發展，形成頗具規模的農業文化景觀。
由於坪仔田耕作不易，加上近30年來世界經濟情勢與自然環境劇烈變動，大大地降低當地居民繼續務農的意願。坪仔田結構原本就不易維持，失去農耕活動的田地不是迅速地被雜樹林覆蓋就是崩毀，具有歷史價值的文化景觀面臨極大挑戰。
坪仔田除了見證先民在艱困環境中拓墾的艱辛歷程，同時也扮演著自然與人類居住環境之間的生態橋樑，提供多樣生物棲息空間，並擁有調節氣候的功能。對於文化傳承與自然保育，都是不可忽視的珍寶。
聯合國世界遺產委員會在1992年加入了「文化景觀」這一項新的項目，我國「文化資產保存法」也在2005年增列「文化景觀」條目。有了明確的法令規範，對於坪仔田文化景觀，我們也擁有衡量其價值性更紮實的基礎。
本研究透過對於三芝區內土地公埔、陳厝坑兩庄頭的田野調查以及相關文獻收集，分析農民對於坪仔田的經營模式與不同階段的坪仔田面貌，並依據「文化景觀作業準則（草案）」發掘三芝坪仔田登錄文化景觀的潛力、機會與限制，為這片有機的農業景觀建構遠景。

關鍵字

三芝、梯田、文化景觀

並列摘要

Sanzhi District of New Taipei City is located in the northern coast of Taiwan and is a hilly area. At the end of Emperor Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, Han Chinese from Tongan of Quanzhou and Yungting of Tingzhou, Fujian, China arrived at Sanzhi to cultivate this place. These people developed terraces along the valleys of Haiwei River, Palien River, Chencuokeng River, and Takeng River. After more than two hundred years, a spectacular agricultural and cultural landscape has formed here.
The difficulties in farming terraces and the dramatic changes in the world economic situation and the natural environment for the past 30 years greatly reduced the willingness of local residents to continue to farm for a living. Terraced structures are not easy to maintain; and a farmland with no agricultural activities can grow a lot of weeds and other miscellaneous plants. Therefore, cultural landscape with historical values confronts a huge challenge.
The terraces witnessed the hard work of ancestors and the difficulties they encountered in cultivating the land. In addition, the terraces played a crucial role in ecologically bridging the natural and human living environments, providing natural habitats for diverse creatures and a function of regulating climates. Therefore, the terraces are precious treasures in regard to both cultural inheritance and natural conservation.
UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Committee included the new item “Cultural Landscape” in 1992. In Taiwan, regulations regarding “Cultural Landscape” were included in “Cultural Heritage Conservation Law” in 2005. With clear legal regulations, we have an even more solid foundation to assess the values of terraced cultural landscapes.
By a field study in the two settlements, Tudigongpu and Chencuokeng of Sanzhi District and by literature review, the present study analyzes how farmers maintain the terrace and its different facets at different stages. According to the draft of “Operational Guidelines of Cultural Landscapes”, this study attempts to find the potential, opportunity and limitation of the terraces in Sanzhi to become a cultural landscape and hopes to build prospects for this agricultural landscape of organic terraces.

並列關鍵字

Sanzhi、terrace、cultural landscape

參考文獻

2008〈臺灣文化景觀保存及管理原則探討：以澎湖吉貝石滬群為例〉《文資學報》4，P.119-143

1987《清代在臺漢人的祖籍分布和原鄉生活方式》，臺北市：國立臺灣師範大學地理學系

1987《臺灣的傳統中國社會》，臺北市：允晨叢刊

Phillips, A.

2005 Operational Guidelines for The Implementation of The World Heritage Convention. World Heritage Center. France: Paris.