- 學位論文
探討單簧管樂曲中的基本技巧與應用—以《卡爾．馬利亞．馮．韋伯降E大調第二號單簧管協奏曲》及《克李雷．羅斯練習曲》為例
Discussions of Basic Techniques Applied in Clarinet Pieces-Carl Maria von Weber Clarinet Concerto No.2 in Eb Major, Op.74 and Cyrille Rose Studies
摘要
本論文範圍係針對樂曲中的基本技巧，提出相對應練習曲的研究。第一章序論，說明研究動機與目的及研究範圍與方法。第二章單簧管發展簡史及作曲家簡介，說明單簧管的起源及發展，作曲家包含簡述克李雷．羅斯(Cyrille Rose)及卡爾．馬利亞．馮．韋伯(Carl Maria von Weber)的生平、音樂特色。第三章研究運指的重要性，介紹每個手指的功用，由音階、琶音、半音階三種型態中探究。第四章運舌的方法，本章節探討的運舌法包含單吐與斷奏，由舌頭、運氣、喉嚨及嘴型來探究運舌的要點。第五章研究力度的表現，著重探討強、弱、漸強、漸弱等力度的呈現方式，在表現力度時，氣量、送氣速度、腹部支撐與胸腔放鬆之間的關係密不可分。第六章研究大跳音程的吹奏，單簧管為圓柱型閉管樂器，所發出的泛音為奇數泛音，加上音域廣達三個半八度，故作曲家喜歡使用單簧管來表現大跳音程，展現轉換音域的特別色彩，此章節將藉由大跳音程練習，延伸到腹部運氣、身體放鬆等基本動作探討。第七章研究華彩樂段的表現方式，單簧管不僅音域寬廣，表現力也非常豐富，善於表現極大聲、極小聲，甚至模仿人的啜泣聲，本章節由分句、力度及速度說明表現華彩樂段的重點，從《羅斯練習曲》及《韋伯降E大調第二號單簧管協奏曲》舉例說明其練習方法與重點。第八章為結論，整合文獻分析及各章節基本技巧探討，提出本研究之結論。
關鍵字
單簧管、基本技巧、韋伯、羅斯並列摘要
This thesis focuses on basic techniques applied in Clarinet pieces, and provides studies which are corresponding to the basic techniques. Chapter one states the research motive and the purpose as well as the research range and method. Chapter two, the development of clarinet and the introduction of composers, introduces the origin and the development of clarinet, and the composers, Cyrille Rose and Carl Maria von Weber. Chapter three stresses on the virtuosity of finger from the aspects of scales and arpeggio. Chapter four discusses the methods of tonguing-single tonguing and staccato-from the prospects of tongue, breath, throat, and mouth type. Chapter five emphasizes on dynamics and presents that the tolerance, aspirated speed, and belly support are tied to relaxing with the thorax. Chapter six points out that the leaps of the intervals greatly challenge the performer. Chapter seven studies cadenza and gives Weber’s Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in E-flat Major and Rose’s studies as examples. Chapter eight concludes this thesis with the discussion of the references and the chapters above.