博物館、展演與文化－以南島樂舞秀中之排灣新園部落展演為例

Museum, Performance and Culture: a Case Study on Paiwan Kalarulan Performance in“Austronesian Music and Dance Show”

許善惠(Shan-Hui Hsu)

指導教授 ： 王嵩山

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2010.00087

摘要

除了展示，博物館也透過演出或表演(performance)與觀眾溝通。近年來，博物館與臺灣原住民社群合作，在文化展演中，透過身體律動、歌謠傳唱或戲劇等的方式，讓社會大眾認識原住民族的樂舞文化。然而，展演作為文化再現的形式，如何再現文化？展演，除了能帶給觀眾動態的、具感染力的學習經驗之外，對展演者本身以及部落文化的意涵又是如何？
本研究以國立臺灣史前文化博物館的展演活動－南島樂舞秀中排灣新園(Kalarulan)部落展演為例，透過觀察以及訪談等方式，來了解部落族人如何透過展演的形式來表現自身文化？並追溯其展演與文化之間的緊密連結。部落策展人運用展演的特質，以歌唱、肢體的律動等非文字的力量，突顯排灣族傳統文化的特定面向，在部落生活中，凝聚增強了青年與孩童們對部落的認同，延續了傳統價值與精神在現今部落生活的影響力，而在南島樂舞秀的對外展演中，則汲取其文化重建的成果，試圖以傳統祭儀及樂舞的精神為根本，來詮釋部落文化內涵，引導館內的觀眾共同分享與體驗其部落文化。另一方面，史前館透過南島樂舞秀展演活動，與部落社區建立合作互動關係，擴展了博物館的影響力，博物館所服務的觀眾(audiences)，不再侷限於參觀展示、展演的外來民眾(visitors)，更涵納了相互激盪創意、並進入博物館「舞台」中，展現其文化詮釋權的部落社區族人們，以兼顧地方文化與多元詮釋的理念，挑戰並試圖轉變過去作為統治與權威象徵的傳統人類學博物館意象。

關鍵字

排灣新園部落 ； 臺灣史前文化博物館 ； 文化展演 ； 原住民樂舞

並列摘要

Besides exhibitions, museums communicate with their audiences through performances. In recent years, museums cooperate with Taiwanese indigenous peoples through cultural performances, in the form of body movements, ballads sung or dramas, to attract the public to know more about their culture. However, as one type of cultural representations, how do performance represent a culture？Performances provide audiences dynamic and emotional stirring learning experience, but what the effect do performances bring to performers themselves and their culture？
This is a case study on Paiwan Kalarulan performance in“Austronesian Music and Dance Show”, a cultural performance program in National Museum of Prehistory. The study mainly adopts two research methods--participant observation and in-depth interview. The study aims to know how people present their culture through performances and retrace the close connections between performance and culture. According to the findings, curators from Kalarulan apply the innate qualities of performance and the powerful influences of singing and dancing to manifest specific aspects of Paiwanese traditional culture. Moreover, they also try to encourage the teenagers and kids to identify with Paiwanese Kalarulan culture for handing down the traditional value in this modern society. During the process of arranging the outward performance“Austronesian Music and Dance Show”, curators from Kalarulan adopt the traditional rituals, dances and songs to interpret the essence of the culture. On the other hand, National Museum of Prehistory interacts and cooperates with nearby indigenous communities through this performance program. This program broadens the influence of the museum. The concerns do not merely focus on visitors, but also involve in those indigenous communities. They are invited to express their creative ideas in the museum, meanwhile, to show their rights on cultural interpretation. Realizing the ideas of respecting local cultures and multiple interpretations, National Museum of Prehistory also challenges and tries to change the past general image of anthropology museums – symbols of governance and authority.

並列關鍵字

Paiwan ； Kalarulan tribe ； National Museum of Prehistory ； cultural performance ； indigenous music and dance

參考文獻

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