數位科技對審美視覺的影響：以國立故宮博物院藝術品圖像化為例

The Influence of Digital Technology on Aesthetic Visual Perception：A Case Study of Digital Images of Art Works in National Palace Museum

楊力穎(Li-Ying Yang)

指導教授 ： 廖仁義

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2011.00079

摘要

數位科技與現代媒體技術結合，文字、圖片、聲音等各式媒介轉為數位化格式，透過電腦儲存、散佈和編輯，加上相關設備與網路技術的普及，電腦從運算工具，轉為重要的媒體中心。在這趨勢之下，藝術博物館也開始應用數位科技詮釋藝術品，提升博物館與蒐藏品的可及性，目前已有豐富的成果。本研究主軸為，探討實體博物館對數位計劃成果的影響，以及視覺與藝術品圖像化的相關議題，將藝術博物館視為藝術品與觀眾的中介，以視覺的共通性與普遍性為分析依據，推估數位科技對於審美視覺的影響，並挑選國立故宮博物院為研究對象，進行理論與案例的交叉驗證。
從中發現實體博物館蒐藏庫，藉由數位科技蒐藏品轉為數位圖像，可將博物館對於文物的基礎研究，直接傳遞給觀眾。常設展示以藝術品原作為主要展示內容，可突顯蒐藏特性，但也因此受到展示技術與文物維護的限制，而網路展示與教育活動(簡稱網路資源)內容以蒐藏為基礎，加以拓展或深化，由於展示品以轉為數位圖像，不受到物理條件限制，能同時呈現多個時代與類型的展示品。在數位圖像應用方面，常設展示中，原作與數位圖像並列，圖像可呈現藝術品不同樣貌，而在網路資源和不使用原作的常設展示中，圖像直接呼應展示與教育內容。數位圖像能標示肉眼容易忽略的細節，也可修改或增加作品元素，突顯作品氣氛或呈現文物背後的歷史或工藝技術，以及從科技儀器中擷取的圖像，可延伸肉眼的視覺經驗，藉由各式圖像技術與視覺效果，引導作品內容與隱含的過去。
數位科技與圖像能夠呈現蒐藏品多元的樣貌，並結合主題與內容引導觀眾知覺，進而影響觀看數位圖像的視覺審美，然而故宮各項網路資源與網路典藏系統，沒有相互連結，也沒有和館内展示相互配合，導致視覺產生重複與斷裂的現象，各個單元主題中，都解析藝術品不同的樣貌與意義，但仍局限在單一脈絡中，即使網路參觀內容可自行選擇，但是博物館也應主動顯現相關的資源，引導觀眾進一步探索相關訊息。

關鍵字

數位科技,數位圖像,審美視覺,藝術品詮釋,國立故宮博物院

並列摘要

Through integration of digital technology and modern media techniques, all conventional media including text, graphic, and audio can be easily converted into digital formats and further stored, edited, and disseminated by computers. With the increasing prevalence of computer and networking facilities, the role that computers play has shifted from a computing instrument to an important media center. Influenced by this trend, many arts museums have applied digital technology to interpretation of art works to enhance the accessibility of both the museum and collections. Their effort has also produced fruitful results. The aim of this paper is to investigate how physical museums can influence the results of digital archive programs and issues concerning aesthetic visual perception and digitalization of art works. In this paper, art museums are viewed as an intermediary between art works and the audience. Through analysis of commonality and generality of visual perception, this paper attempts to explore the effects of digital technology on aesthetic visual perception. National Palace Museum is selected as a subject for case study and cross-validation.
Results indicate that through digitalization of art collections, museums can directly deliver their basic research of historical or cultural works to the audience. In terms of the content of permanent exhibitions, using original art works as the main exhibits can highlight the characteristics of the collection but is also limited to display techniques and protection of the art works. Online exhibitions and educational activities (hereafter referred to as online resources) are based on existing collections of the museum and primarily intended to promote the collections. Because items to be exhibited will be converted into digital images, online exhibitions or resources are not subject to physical constraints and can also encompass items from across different eras and genres. In the application of digital images in permanent exhibitions, displaying digital images and their originals in parallel can present a different angle of the art works. Displaying online resources without their originals in permanent exhibitions can help the audience directly associate the resources to the exhibition and educational content. Through digitalization of art works, details in art works that may be easily neglected can be emphasized, and art elements can be edited or added to create a certain atmosphere or present the history or artist techniques behind the art works. Besides, images captured by technological instruments can extend the audience’s visual experience. Through use of various imaging techniques and visual effects, museums can guide the audience to experience the implicit content and history of art works.
Digital technology and digital images can provide diverse looks of art works. They can be used to integrate themes and content to guide and influence audience's aesthetic visual perception. However, National Palace Museum’s various online resources and online archive systems have not been properly connected and utilized in collaboration with physical exhibitions in the museum. As a result, repetition and fraction of online audience’s visual perception may occur. In the present, all the units of online exhibitions or resources offer explanations of the diverse looks and meanings of art works but within a single context. Despite the fact that visitors are allowed to select the content to view on their own, the museum can also actively present resources related to the content selected by the audience, guiding them to further explore related information.

並列關鍵字

digital technology, digital image, aesthetic visual perception, interpretation of art works, National Palace Museum

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