- 學位論文
日治時期臺灣西式音樂之殖民現代性探索
A Study on Colonial Modernity at the Western Music in Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial Period
摘要
綜觀西式音樂在臺灣的傳入與發展脈絡，從荷西時期透過西方宣教士的福音傳播而輸入，到日治時期殖民政府將唱歌課程導入近代學校教育，而使此一樂種在臺灣扎根深化；總體而言，西式音樂是隨著帝國殖民的權力擴張，而在臺灣逐漸拓展開來。本文採用「音樂社會學」的研究方法，並援引「殖民現代性」之觀點，分析西式音樂在臺灣的發展過程、所處的社會氛圍，及其具體內涵，以探究臺灣音樂在殖民情境中，如何受到「殖民主義」與「現代性」的雙重影響。 臺灣在日本的特意經營之下，朝向現代化、工業化、資本主義化方向發展，社會大眾的生活方式與價值觀起了諸多變化。首先，殖民性與現代性糾結的殖民地同化教育，讓臺灣人接受到科學、理性的西方近代知識；其次，資本主義經濟體系的建立，造就消費文化的興起；再者，日本大量引進歐美文化與日本文化，並引進電影、唱片、廣播等新興科技文明，都帶給殖民地臺灣人思維上的刺激。 檢視日本時代的音樂教育政策及公學校唱歌課程內容，發現日本政府以殖民母國利益為優先的思考，質變音樂教育的內涵，使之成為輔助國語學習、涵養國民精神的工具之一。1920年代以降，臺灣新興知識份子普遍覺醒，跳脫殖民教育的思想束縛，關注臺灣的社會現況，並廣泛引介世界思潮和現代價值，扮演文化啟蒙者的角色。分析日治時期灌錄的臺語流行歌，歌詞方面顯露新文學運動「文藝大眾化」與「臺灣話文」的影響；旋律方面則有來自西式音樂界和傳統戲曲界的作曲者，嘗試結合傳統與現代元素，融合漢樂及洋樂樂器，並運用日本、中國或西洋曲調。藉由此「音景」，顯示當時音樂人掙脫殖民統治桎梏的活力，以及臺灣社會對於不同文化的兼容並蓄。
並列摘要
Tracking the development and transmission of Western music in Taiwan, from missionaries spreading the Christian Gospel during the Dutch and Spanish colonial periods, to Shoka(唱歌) taking part in modern school education during the Japanese colonial period, we see that Western music has laid its foundation in Taiwanese culture. Generally speaking, the Western music extended its influence within Taiwan along with imperialism and colonization. This thesis statement adopts the 'Sociology of Music' as research method and 'colonial modernity' as its perspective to analyze Western music's development process in Taiwan, the social atmosphere back then, and the vaguely concrete connotation of it, in order to investigate how Taiwanese music was influenced by both 'colonialism' and 'modernity' under the colonial circumstances. Being governed by Japan, Taiwan developed toward modernization, industrialization, and capitalization, which led to the great change of people's lifestyle and values. First, education through assimilation(同化 Douka) mixed with colonialism and modernity brought in science and rational Western modern knowledge to Taiwan people. Second, the establishment of capitalist economy system caused the rise of consuming culture. Furthermore, a large number of the introduction of European, American and Japanese culture and newly risen technology such as movies, records, and broadcasting all brought stimulations to Taiwanese people's thoughts. By examining the education policies and Shoka course in public elementary schools(公學校) during the Japanese colonial period, this research found that the Japanese government took the profit of itself as the primary concern, changing the connotation of music education, and making it become teaching aids to Japanese(国語 Kokugo) learning and one of the tools to nourish people's patriotic spirits. Since 1920s, the newly emerging intellectuals in Taiwan generally awoke. They started thinking outside the box, paying real attention to current situation of Taiwan society and extensively adopting worldly ideological trend and modern values. Thus they had played the role of cultural enlightener on the land. By analyzing the Taiwanese popular songs recorded during the Japanese ruling period, we've seen the lyrics were under the affection of both 'popularization of literature and art'(文藝大眾化) and 'Taiwanese Vernacular writing'(臺灣話文). As to the melodies, came from the composers of both Western music and Taiwanese tradition Xi Qu(戲曲), trying to combining the modern and traditional elements, integrating the Chinese and Western instruments and applying the Japanese, Chinese, or Western tunes to their creations. Through this 'soundscape', the musicians had shown their vitality of struggling to free themselves from the colonial ruling bondages and the capacity of Taiwanese society taking in essences of many different cultures.