- 學位論文
博物館展示的歷史觀——以新加坡國家博物館歷史展廳為例
Notions of History in Museum Exhibition: A Study on the History Gallery at the National Museum of Singapore
摘要
歷史，來自於今日對過去的想望，既是當代的生產，亦是昨日的遺留，更是串連今昔意識的重要連結。這個本質上就充滿矛盾與多元價值的知識體系，不僅僅是一門學科而已，而是會一直在當代社會中不斷再生，並成為形塑當代的力量。本論文所要探討的是歷史在博物館展示中的面貌，也就是歷史展示的歷史觀。透過對本文研究案例新加坡國家博物館的常設展「歷史展廳」展示分析，所要探明的是博物館與歷史之間的複雜關係。 歷史展廳是一個講述新加坡國家歷史的大型常設歷史展示，透過雙重參觀路線「歷史事蹟」與「個人經歷」兩種動線，以及每個參觀者幾乎配有的個人音像導覽器，觀眾可以相當具有彈性卻又受到妥善安排的行進方式參觀展廳。展示的重點在於兩種不同歷史觀點對同一段過去的論述，以及個人音像導覽器為觀眾帶來的「講故事」形式的龐大敘事體系，將觀眾帶入每則歷史人事物的故事情境之中。同時，本論文以展示中的兩段「歷史時間」歷時性為經、以橫剖面的「文化空間」共時性為緯，佐以貫連全展示內容的導覽敘事為脈絡，建構出歷史展廳所描繪的一種近乎「立體」化的歷史觀，並以此做為一種歷史再現的主體性觀點。同時，論文也希望以歷史展示做為一種客體性角色與其互動之關係進行論述，並談及一個歷史展示歷史觀的客體價值之延伸現象。論文更透過探索歷史於主客體之間擺盪，點出一種嘗試趨近過去的歷史面貌的論述，這亦與博物館獨特的異質空間場域性質進行了某種程度的連結。最後，我希望藉由海外案例的探討，同時也讓在臺灣思索博物館歷史展示性質的我們，獲得了一次觀看「他者」的機會。
並列摘要
History is invented by nowadays people those are trying to reveal the past days’ wonders and mysteries. It’s the contemporary product and the remains of the past. It’s also the connection of the past and today. History is a knowledge system that carries lots of self-identifies and variety of values. It’s not only existed in the academic disciplines or in the scholar’s brain but also an invisible power that was born in the contemporary society and became the strength that made the society. My thesis is trying to discuss the landscape of history exhibition and the relationships with the notions of history itself. We will look through the case, History Gallery in the National Museum of Singapore, and try to discover the complexity between the museum history exhibition and the Historiography. When the two paths of the History Gallery, the Events Path and the Personal Path, catch visitors’ attentions, we have to rethink the possibilities of the paths brings. And we have to connect the guiding device, the Companion, and the “story-telling” narrative techniques into the concept of the representation of the history. I use diachronic historical timeline and synchronic cultural space to reconstruct the exhibition structure and I treat the story-telling narratives and the objects as the bricks and concrete to be the basic elements of the exhibition. All of these parts together and build a subjective view of the represented history and the agency to communicate and interact with the objective views outside of the museum or from the society and the authorities. That’s the reason and the purpose why I try to put the notions of history in museum exhibition being the important perspective of the historiography and History itself. The museums in Singapore and those in Taiwan are so different that I try not to jump to conclusion, but the notions of history in the History Gallery would be one of the best examples for the every museum cosmopolitan who’s within the historical identity confusion.