2002年行政院提出「挑戰2008-文化創意產業發展計畫」,首次將「文化創意產業」提升到國家重點產業政策層次。在文化創意產業政策中,又以「文化創意園區」最受各界矚目,自2003年到2013年文化創意園區編列的預算已超過500億,每年投入在文化創意園區的預算皆佔整體文化預算的40%以上,顯示文化創意園區對文化創意產業發展有指標作用。 文化創意政策方向確立後,公部門、學術單位、實務界,無論站在「都市再生」、「產業轉型」、「育成產業」等各種角度,皆認為發展文化創意園區的概念有其必要,創造文化創意產業的「群聚效應」是各界最大公約數;唯獨園區如何推動沒有共識,各有各的參考案例與理想藍圖。而主管文化創意園區的文建會,過去皆以辦理補助為主要業務,並無產業經驗。因此,在初期規劃上,曾參考經濟部工業局推動科學園區的模式,導致文化創意園區的推動上,一直有概念渾沌與矛盾之處,各界都有對於文化創意園區「群聚的想像」。 本研究即從「群聚」觀點出發,探討文化創園區的政策規劃與實踐。首先,提出一個反思性的提問:發展文化創意產業,是否需要「產業園區」創造群聚?而後對台灣經濟轉型脈絡中,文化創意園區又該滿足哪些時空條件進行發問,試圖解析群聚的想像如何形成與轉變軌跡。本研究為一個政策研究,採用訪談與文獻分析方法進行。在論文書寫架構上,首先釐清「工業化」產業群聚與「創意」群聚兩者理論差異,分析「群聚本質」上的不同;接著從非美術館的中央級文化空間政策思維脈絡演變,找到文化創意園區誕生的位置,凸顯夾雜於「文化」與「產業」間的矛盾。並透過訪談回溯文化創意園區政策形成的源頭,呈現政策規劃的想像概念,並同時對園區現況作剖析。 論文後半以「華山1914創意文化園區」作為政策實踐的分析,以台灣文創發展公司為觀察對象,深入探討該團隊對時空條件需求的回應,以及在文化創意園區政策實踐上的調整。最後,本文重回政策高度的視角,提出以下結論: 一、文化創意園區政策在台灣是偶然的機會。 二、「產業園區」的變遷觀察:從生產基地轉移到符號體驗基地。 三、發展文化創意產業,要的不只是「園區」,而是「群聚」。 四、跳脫「園區」思維,政府扶植文化創意產業群聚還有其他可能性。
Executive Yuan addressed “Challenge 2008 – Cultural and Creative Industries Development Project” in 2002, and it was the first time that the government brings cultural and creative industries to national industrial policy level. In the policy of cultural and creative industries, Creative Industry Park draws most of attentions.The budget for Creative Industry Park has exceeded 50 billion dollars from 2003 to 2013. What’s more, Creative Industry Park stands for more than 40 percent of national cultural budget, indicating that Creative Industry Park functions as an example of cultural and creative industrial development. This research starts with the view of clusters, discovering the policy making and implementation. First, the author inquires a question from reverse thinking: Is developing cultural and creative industries necessary to industrial parks to create clusters? Trying to analyze the forming of imagination of clusters and its history. This research is a policy research that adapts interview and documentary analysis. In the framework of this research, it will define clearly the difference between industrialization of industry clusters and creative clusters and analyze the fundamentals of two different clusters in the very beginning. The following will be the past policies and thinking of national cultural spaces that except for art museum, in which Creative Industry Park will find its precise position. Above measures will highlight the paradoxes between culture and industry. In the second half of this research, it will take Huashan 1914 Creative Park as a example of analysis for implementation of policies. By observing the company Taiwan Cultural and Creative Development, the research will discuss the company’s responses about the need for condition of time and the adjustment for implementation of policies. Finally, this research concludes with critical statements. 1.The policy of building Creative Industry Park is accidental. 2.The changing of Creative Industry Park: It shifts from a competitive and cost-down production base to a full of experiencing and symbol consuming base. 3.Policies of industrial parks are not only necessary to developing cultural and creative industries. 4.Thinking out of industrial park box, there are other options and possibilities for fostering cultural and creative industries.