以唾液樣本進行強化玻璃製造廠作業勞工甲醇短時暴露測定

Short-term Exposure Measurements of Methanol by Using Salivary Samples for Workers in a Tempered Glass Manufacturing Factory

劉玫君(Mei-Jiun Liu)

指導教授 ： 許憲呈

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2009.00012

摘要

本研究針對強化玻璃製造廠膠合作業勞工進行甲醇空氣暴露連續偵測及多次唾液樣本甲醇含量測定，主要研究目的為：(1)分析唾液中甲醇暴露值與空氣即時監測測定值相關程度；(2)比較唾液與尿液甲醇暴露測定值的平均濃度和變異情形差異；(3)評估唾液與尿液甲醇暴露測定值相關程度。本研究針對強化玻璃製造廠膠合作業勞工4名，隨機選取10個工作天，進行空氣暴露及生物檢體樣本（包括：唾液和尿液）的收集。另外，選取工廠未暴露任何有機溶劑的勞工25人收集其唾液樣本，作為甲醇唾液背景值。合計對此甲醇暴露勞工獲得38人天的測定，完整的測定資料包括：(1)以矽膠管採集8小時時量加權平均空氣暴露濃度；(2)工作前後尿液樣本和工作期間唾液樣本暴露測定濃度；(3)直讀式儀器即時測定個人及空氣暴露濃度。所收集空氣、唾液及尿液樣本以氣相層析質譜儀(CG/MS)頂空氣體進樣(headspace)分析，個人及空氣即時暴露以直讀式儀器HOBO Figaro TGS-822 Sensor量測。暴露測定資料分析結果發現：在暴露組與非暴露組的唾液及尿液樣本甲醇濃度均存在顯著差異(p=0.0002)。在暴露組勞工，唾液與空氣每小時樣本甲醇平均濃度變化趨勢相關性佳(R2=0.98)，因此唾液樣本甲醇暴露濃度可以反映空氣短時暴露濃度，且每小時唾液甲醇暴露測定值顯示，在一天8小時中確實存在相當變異。以唾液與尿液樣本測定分別估計甲醇8小時時量加權平均濃度，並執行線性迴歸分析，結果顯示二者間亦存在顯著相關(R2=0.58)。發現下班前尿樣樣本暴露濃度值與下班前一小時之空氣樣本暴露濃度值相關性R2值達0.65，考量甲醇在尿液的半衰期短，所以下班前的尿液樣本暴露濃度，受當天下班前1~2個小時內高濃度所影響，因此可利用唾液樣本來取代尿液樣本測定短時暴露濃度，並且用以推估空氣暴露濃度值。本研究發現唾液樣本在冰存後確實降低唾液樣本中的甲醇濃度(p<0.0001)，為了探討唾液樣本甲醇暴露濃度，建議樣本於採樣當天分析完畢，以確保樣本的穩定性。

關鍵字

甲醇、空氣暴露測定、唾液樣本、尿液樣本

並列摘要

This study conducted continuous air monitoring of methanol exposure and measured the amount of methanol in multiple salivary samples for the workers of gluing process in a tempered glass manufacturing factory. The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the association of methanol exposure measurements between salivary samples and real-time air samples; (2) to compare the difference of mean and variability estimated based on salivary and urine samples; and (3) to evaluate the association of methanol exposure measurements between salivary and urine samples. This study recruited 4 workers of the gluing process in the tempered glass manufacturing factory, and randomly selected 10 workdays to conduct the sample collection of airborne exposure and biological specimens including saliva and urine. In addition, the salivary samples of 25 workers without any organic solvent exposure in the factory were collected for the measurement of salivary methanol background level. A total of 38 person-day exposure measurements were collected for the 4 methanol exposed workers. The complete methanol exposure data included: (1) the 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposure concentrations measured by silica gel tubes; (2) the exposure measurements from the pre- and post-shift urine samples and the work-shift salivary samples; (3) the personal real-time airborne concentrations measured by a direct-reading instrument. The air, salivary and urinary samples were analyzed by using gas chromatograhy/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with a headspace system; the personal real-time airborne concentrations were measured by using a Figaro TGS-822 sensor with a HOBO data logger. The results of exposure data analysis showed significant differences of the methanol concentrations of the salivary (p=0.0002) and urinary (p=0.0022) samples between exposure and non-exposure workers. For the methanol exposure workers, a highly significant association (R2=0.98) existed between hourly salivary and air methanol exposure measurements. This indicated that the hourly measured methanol concentrations of the salivary samples could represent the short-term air methanol exposure and illustrate significant variability in the daily 8-hour methanol exposure for the workers. The linear regression analysis of the 8-hour TWA exposure concentrations estimated from the salivary and urinary samples showed a high significant association between the estimated values (R2=0.58). A high association (R2=0.65) was also found between the methanol exposure concentrations measured by the urinary samples and the air methanol concentrations just one hour before the end of work shifts. Under the consideration of the short half-life of methanol in urine, the exposure concentrations estimated by the urinary samples collected before the end of work shifts possibly influenced by the high concentration exposure occurring in 1~2 hours before the end of the work shifts. Therefore, it is possible that the salivary sample could be used to replace the collection of urinary sample for the estimation of air methanol exposure concentration. This study also found a significant reduction (p<0.0001) of the measured methanol concentrations between the non-frozen and frozen salivary samples. For the best result to measure the methanol concentration in salivary samples, it is better to analyze the samples at the same day as the sample collection.

並列關鍵字

methanol, air exposure measurement, salivary samples, urinary samples

參考文獻

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