- 學位論文
資源回收廠通風換氣與泡沫滅火性能評估之研究
The Performance on Foam Extinguishment and Ventilation Improvement in Recycling Processing Plant
摘要
資源回收廠所回收之來源於學校、研究機構實驗室等所產生之廢棄物，其特性為量少、種類繁雜，多具毒害性、可燃性、腐蝕性等性質，且多為混合物，因而在處理廢液過程中，易產生液體廢棄物與固體廢棄物，以致有害蒸氣以及懸浮粒子飄散於空氣中，不只對廠內工作人員的健康造成危害，且經檢驗後，混合廢液大多為低閃火點，增加廠區之危險，故希冀藉由本研究測試廢液使用其泡沫滅火消防設備之可靠性，並評估資源回收廠廠區之通風換氣狀況，以維護廠區安全與人員健康。 本研究將資源回收廠過去使用之X牌泡沫以及現在使用A牌泡沫，進行2.5kgf/cm2、3.5kgf/cm2以及5kgf/cm2三種不同放射壓力之泡沫滅火效能測試，用工業酒精以及汽油當作燃料。其實驗結果發現資源回收廠過去使用之X牌泡沫效果極差，於實驗過程中甚至無法有效滅火。由資源回收廠現在使用之A牌泡沫滅火實驗結果得知，放射壓力於2.5及3.5kgf/cm2都能於一分鐘內撲滅工業酒精及汽油類火災，而當放射壓力在3.5kgf/cm2時，能更有效的滅汽油類的火災，因此，本研究以此放射壓力進行廢液A、廢液B以及混合廢液A+B之泡沫滅火，皆能於一分鐘內撲滅火勢。 大部分之資源回收廠都有良好之通風效果，但仍有死角，本研究採用Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)進行資源回收廠物化區之通風換氣模擬，初步模擬結果顯示原廠區之通風換氣對於人員作業區換氣效果不錯，但其加藥馬達區上方及儲槽後方等汙染區人員不常進入之區域易造成換氣死角，當其維修人員進行馬達區及儲槽維修時恐會造成健康危害。因此針對換氣不佳之區域進行探討及修改情境。由模擬結果得知，若增加加藥馬達區等汙染區附近之開口可有效改善並提升其通風換氣效果，而本研究為評估廠內之抽風量是否為最適化，提高廠內上方抽風量並增加加藥馬達區附近之開口，模擬結果發現可減短廢棄物被抽除的時間，且可提升廠內整體通風換氣效果。
並列摘要
The sources of the waste recycled by recycling processing plants are schools, laboratories of research affiliates, and pilot plants; the characteristics of the waste is little in amount, diverse in variety, toxic, combustible, corrosive etc. Most of the materials are hybrid mixtures, which easily produce liquid and solid wastes, which causes harmful gases and particles to be released into the air; not only does it pose a threat to the health of the workers inside the factory, but after conducting inspections, it also endangers the work place because of the low flash point of hybrid mixtures. Therefore, it is hoped that this experiment can be used to test the reliability of using foam-based fire extinguishing equipment on these wastes, and also to evaluate the ventilation of the recycling processing plant, with the hope of ensuring the safety and health of the personnel. This research underwent performance tests by using the different release pressures of 2.5kgf/cm2, 3.5kgf/cm2, and 5kgf/cm2on the brand X foam used previously by the recycling processing plants and the brand A foam used now, while using industrial alcohol and gasoline as the fuel. Results showed that the previously used brand X foam performed poorly, sometimes not even being able to extinguish the fires. From the results given by the experiment using the currently used brand A foam, it was found that it could most effectively extinguish the fires when the release pressure was set at 3.5kgf/cm2. Therefore, when this research used that release pressure to extinguish the fires created by waste A, waste B, or a mixture of A+B, the fires could all be extinguish within one minute. This research used Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to simulate the ventilation within the factory. Initial simulations indicated that the work area was adequately ventilated, but the places where personnel rarely entered, such as above the dosing motor area and behind the storage tank, were dead ends for the ventilation, which would pose threats to the health of personnel entering the area. Therefore, this research is aimed at discussing and modifying the areas with poor ventilation. From the simulations, it was discovered that the addition of vents near the dozing motor area would improve the ventilation of the area. This research also increased the amount of air suction from the ceiling of the work place along with the addition of vents in order to evaluate if the amount of air suction was adequate or not; results showed that this procedure could decrease the amount of time needed for the pollutants to be ventilated while also significantly improving the ventilation of the work place as a whole.