- 學位論文
百貨業女性專櫃人員的下背與下肢健康危害調查
Health Risks Associated with Low Back and Lower Extremities among Saleswomen in Department Stores
摘要
隨著台灣經濟的高度成長，百貨業林立與成長，負責銷售服務的專櫃人員數量也相對增加，專櫃人員大多以女性為主，屬於長時間站立的工作類型，休息時間也不定，工作型態極為特殊，因此本研究以此族群為對象，調查與其工作特性相關的下背及下肢健康危害，以提供百貨業者進行職場健康促進及職業災害預防的策略與方向。 本研究係採橫斷式研究，以某百貨公司南部四個分店的女性專櫃人員為研究族群，選取包括名品類、化妝品類、女性雜貨類、內睡衣類、女性服飾類、休閒和生活風格類、男性商品類、兒童商品類、家庭用品類及餐飲小吃類等10個櫃種的女性專櫃人員接受結構式問卷調查，調查內容包括工作概況、靜脈曲張、下背問題、下肢不適等症狀及個人基本資料。調查女性專櫃人員共550人，本研究回收之有效樣本為511份，回收率92.9%。 結果發現女性專櫃人員靜脈曲張盛行率為54％，其中9成人員屬第一期靜之輕度患者，與靜脈曲張相關的危險因子為現有銷售服務年資及家族史，相對於年資3年以下之人員，年資3 - 7年以下，7 -15 年以下及15 年以上人員，其得靜脈曲張勝算比(odds ratio，OR)分別為1.92、2.13及5.12，有家族史得靜脈曲張之OR值為3.37；女性專櫃人員過去半年內之自我報告下背問題盛行率為85％，與較嚴重下背問題的危險因子，為每周工作5天(OR=6.76)或5天以上(OR=8.24)，每日工作8小時以上(OR=2.10)，尖頭鞋面(OR=2.77)或方頭鞋面(OR=2.18)，及需搬運10公斤以上重物之商品者(OR=9.61)；此外，女性專櫃人員自述過去半年內足踝酸痛之盛行率為74%，腿部抽筋31%，膝蓋疼痛31%，拇指外翻12%及足底筋膜炎6%，與較嚴重足踝不適之危險因子為搬運10公斤以上重物商品(OR=3.26)，方頭鞋(OR=1.93)、每月休息6天(OR=2.20)及每月休息5天 (OR=2.00)。 由於百貨業女性專櫃人員下背酸痛及下肢不適的盛行率極高，建議各界重視此問題，並依各危險因子之特性極積改善工作內容及設計。
並列摘要
Following the solid economic growth, a great amount of department stores opened and the number of sales personnels increased vastly. Sales personnel in the department stores are mostly females who work in a standing position for long hours and their rest time are also limited. Because of such characteristics, this study aims to investigate the health risks associated with low back and lower extrimities among saleswomen in the department stores, in order to provide a basis for future health promotion activities. This study was conducted cross-sectionally. The saleswomen from four branches of a department store were included as the study population. Fifty five saleswomen from each one of the eleven merchandise departments were purposively selected and administered structured questionnaires to collect study information. Contents of the questionnaire included workplace characteristics, health status, and demographics. Five hundred and fifty saleswomen were contacted for participation, and 511 returned the questionnaires, which yielded 93% of the response rate. The results showed that fifty four percent of the subjects self-reported having varices. Ninety percent of those who reported having varices were classified as the first stage. Work experience and family history were risk factos associated with varices. Compared to those who worked less than three years, odds ratios (OR) for those who worked for three to less than seven years, seven to less than fifteen years and equal or greater than fifteen years were 1.92, 2.13, 5.12. OR for those with family history of varices were 3.37. Eighty five percent of the subjects self-reported having symptoms of low back soreness (85%). Risk factors associated with low back problems were working five days (OR=6.76) or greater than five days (OR=8.24) a week, working more than eight hours a day (OR=2.10), winkle picker (OR=2.77), square-toed shoes (OR=2.18), and carrying goods greater than 10 kilograms (OR=9.61). Prevalence for lower extrimites health problems showed ankle soreness (74%), cramping legs (31%), need pain (31%), hallux valgus (12%) and plantar fasciitis (6%). Carrying good greater than 3 kilograms (OR=3.26), square-toed shoes (OR=2.18), six days off per month (OR=2.20) and five days off per month (OR=2.00) were risk factor for ankle discomfort. Saleswomen experienced high prevalence of health problems on low back and lower extremities that are possibly associated with their long hours of standing and lacking rests. Preventive strategies based on the identified risk factors should proceed to improve the worplace design.