河川復育之生物評估─以二仁溪污染整治計畫為例

Biological Assessment of Erhjin River Restoration Project in Southern Taiwan

蘇水龍(Su-Shui Long)

指導教授 ： 洪慶宜

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2012.00088

摘要

基於生物多樣性為河川復育的主要目標之一，且水體生物群聚結構可直接反映河川水質好壞，以生物評估方法來輔助傳統的水質化學指標已成為近年來的趨勢。二仁溪為國家重點整治河川之一，發展適用於二仁溪整治的生物評估方法，並深入分析水質化學變動原因，可以作為評估河川復育成效的指標。本研究以(1)物種群聚結構與水質參數的相關性分析、(2)水質監測站長期水質參數的主成份分析、(3)不同整治時期、季節及測站間物種的群集分析等，來探討二仁溪水生物種群聚結構與水質物理化學性質的關係。
研究結果顯示，底棲無脊椎動物數量較2002年豐富，惟物種數目仍少，較難歸納成為指數系統，目前可由指標物種判斷整體而言，二仁溪底泥仍屬污染，污染指標物種(Capitellidae、Spionidae、Sabellidae)為優勢種。魚種群聚結構之種數、歧異度指數、物種組成群集分析等符合水質改善趨勢。群集分析顯示魚種群聚結構受不同整治時期(比較2002與2008)的影響較大，受採集地點影響較小。可推論魚種群聚結構的改善是因水質提升所導致。水質主成分分析結果顯示，主流測站水質改善受潮通量或季節性雨水影響較大，支流三爺溪水質改善顯然是因為工業廢水獲得控制。南萣橋長期水質監測參數趨勢分析顯示，水質正逐年改善中，惟因導電度也有逐年上升趨勢，顯示水質改善與近年河口斷面擴大、潮通量增加有關。
依據生態調查與分析結果，本研究亦提出對河川整治生態調查、生態指標、生態復育等建議。

關鍵字

二仁溪 ； 生態調查 ； 生物評估 ； 河川復育 ； 主成分分析 ； 群集分析

並列摘要

Biological assessments can assist traditional physicochemical measurements to evaluate the healthy condition of aquatic environment for their direct, holistic and more reliable natures. Erhjin River is one of the national priority rivers to be restored. Development of suitable bioassessment method to evaluate the cause and effect of the changing physicochemical conditions in Erhjin River is essential to the government agencies responsible for the management of aquatic ecosystems as well as concerned public groups, such as fisherman associations and environmental NGOs. By using correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis, this study aimed to cross examination the relationship between the changes of environmental and biotic variables in a decade of river cleanup actions from 2000 to 2011.
The results of the study indicated that the species richness of benthic invetebrate in 2008 was higher than it in 2002. The dominance of pollution indicator species, Capitellidae, Spionidae, and Sabellidae, however, suggested that the sediments in Erhjin River estuary were still contaminated. Evidencing by the increases in species richness and diversity index as well as the grouping pattern of cluster analysis, the fish community structure was altered by the improvement of water quality. Principal component analyses suggested that the improvement of water quality in main stream Erhjin River was mainly due to the change of flow regime, while the improvement of water quality in Shanya stream, the most polluted tributaries of Erhjin River, was mainly due to the decrease in water polluton. Trend analyses of water quality variables in Nanding Bridge suggested the improvement of water quality was affected by the increase of tidal exchange due to the expanding of the river mouth.
Based on these results, suggestions to the future application of ecological survey, bioindicator system, and river restoration measures were made.

並列關鍵字

Erhjin River ； ecological survey ； biological assessment ； river restoration ； principal component analysis ； cluster analysis

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