由於近年台灣勞力成本增加以及基層勞動人力不足,使得企業與民間對於低成本且基層勞動勞工的需求日益殷切,因此,台灣轉而從其他東南亞國家引進勞工,以滿足產業需求。外勞對於台灣近代的經濟發展有相當重大的貢獻。然而,外籍勞工到台灣工作,卻常有因文化差異或是其他因素而造成適應情況不良的問題,除此之外,外籍勞工面對倫理問題時的決策,亦是相當重要且值得研究的議題,因為外籍勞工無論對於台灣的企業或是社會整體而言,都已經是不可或缺且重要的一份子。 因此,本研究探討並比較外籍勞工在台灣的一般與文化適應情況、倫理決策、以及探索其適應情況對倫理決策的影響。由於台灣的外籍勞工主要來自印尼、泰國、菲律賓以及越南等四個國家,因此,本研究以發放問卷的方式針對此四個國家的外籍勞工進行研究,問卷並分別翻譯成英語、泰語以及越南語。本研究之結果發現,四個國家外籍勞工在台灣的適應情況有顯著差異,各國外籍勞工的倫理決策亦呈現顯著不同,而外籍勞工的適應情況會影響其倫理決策。此外,當遇到倫理困境時,印尼和越南的外籍勞工傾向使用正義論的倫理哲學、菲律賓的外籍勞工傾向使用正義論與效益論的倫理哲學,而泰國的外籍勞工傾向使用效益論與義務論的倫理哲學。本研究之結果有助於企業與外勞雇主了解外籍勞工在台灣的適應情況與倫理決策。
There has been an increasing need for low-cost and base-level labor in Taiwan due to the rising costs in labor wages recently. For the reason, foreign workers were recruited from some Southeast Asian countries to fulfill the needs for business. These foreign workers no doubt contribute significantly to business operations in Taiwan; however, not only has the foreign workers’ adaptation in Taiwan become challenging for themselves, but their decisions on ethical issues are also crucial because of their important roles for business in Taiwan. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to investigate the effects of foreign workers’ general and cultural adaptations in Taiwan on their ethical decision-making. A questionnaire with three languages, English, Thai, and Vietnamese, was developed, and administered to collect data from foreign workers in Taiwan, originally from Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The findings of the study indicate that there are significant differences in adaptations and ethical decision-makings among foreign workers from Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The degree to which foreign workers’ adaptations will affect their ethical decision-making. In addition, when encountering ethical dilemmas, foreign workers from Indonesia and Vietnam tend to use the ethical philosophy of justice; while those who are from the Philippines are more likely to use justice and utilitarianism. Foreign workers from Thailand are inclined to use utilitarianism and deontology. The research results contribute to the cross-cultural understandings of foreign workers’ adaptations and ethical decision-makings in Taiwan.