影響空軍官兵接受自費健康檢查之相關因素探討

Exploring Factors Associated with Willingness to Use Out-of-poket Health Examination among Air Force Logistics Staff

江賢文(Hsien-Wen Chiang)

指導教授 ： 陳金淵

長榮大學/健康科學學院/醫務管理學系(所)/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2012.00109

摘要

目的 近年來因國防組織的變革,多數官兵除了原本所擔負的戰備任務外,更需協助辦理其它的業務與工作,長時間的工作與沈重的工作壓力,都是危害健康的危險因子。而這些危險因子都是可利用健康檢查等預防保健措施加以防範的。事實上,現在空軍官兵除政策要求的定期體檢外,對於其它如自費健檢等更有效益之預防保健措施利用率偏低。所以為瞭解影響空軍官兵自費健檢意願的相關因素,本研究應用健康信念模式之概念為研究架構,對空軍飛行聯隊志願役地勤官兵健康狀況、健康信念與自費健檢意願作整合性之探討。
方法 本研究以空軍飛行聯隊為研究對象,以立意取樣方式選取680位地勤官兵作為研究樣本。資料收集方式採用問卷郵寄發放,問卷內容包含人口學基本屬性、健康狀況、醫療利用與健康信念之調查。自100年7月20日起至100年8月30日止,總共回收680份有效問卷,回收率100%。以SPSS統計軟體進行資料統計分析。
結果 抽樣對象中,男性占80%,年齡多在「21~30歲」間,人員組成以士官為主,教育程度多在專科以上,71.1%未婚,多與家人同住,收入多在「25,000~35,000」間。健康信念的平均得分低於現有研究發現,BMI平均值為23.5。選擇自費健檢或醫療主要是因為疾病的迫切性,所能接受的價格範圍則以「3,500~6,000」為最多。單位若提供自費健檢服務有五成的人會考慮參加,主要原因是相信預防重於治療,而不考慮的原因以經濟因素所占比例最高。
結論 空軍地勤修護官兵,由於年輕且健康狀況較好,較少罹患慢性病,所以對於罹患疾病的威脅感受度偏低。但疾病的發生並非朝夕就會形成,雖然已有定期的體檢把關,但若能利用自費健康檢查,補足檢查頻度不足所造成的空窗期,並針對衛生教育著手加強官兵預防保健知識的正確認知,且於服務單位內嘗試辦理自費健康檢查相關服務,藉以提高預防保健服務的可近性,降低保健行為進行的障礙,將有助於降低隨年齡增加的疾病發生率與降低因工作壓力造成健康的潛在威脅,進而維持人員健康狀況,降低醫療支出,維持戰力。

關鍵字

健康狀況 ； 健康信念 ； 健康檢查 ； 自費

並列摘要

Objective Due to organizational reforms launched in recent years, most military officers in Taiwan have to undertake numerous tasks at the same time. The long working hours and high job stress are potential hazards to their health. In fact, these hazards can be effectively avoided through regular physical examinations and other preventive measures. In R.O.C. Air Force, all military officers will take regular physical examinations as policy required. However, their utilization of other preventive measures, such as out-of-pocket health examination, is quite low. In order to understand factors affecting air force officers’ intention of taking out-of-pocket health examinations, this study used Health Belief Model as the research framework to investigate the relationship among health conditions, health belief, and intention of taking out-of-pocket health examinations among the voluntary ground maintenance crew of an R.O.C. Air Force aviation wing.

Method The sample comprised 680 ground maintenance crew of an R.O.C. Air Force aviation wing selected based on purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered via mail during Jul 20, 2011~Aug 30 2011. The questionnaire had been designed to survey the demographic characteristics, health conditions, medical utility and health belief of the respondents. A total of 680 valid responses were obtained, resulting a valid response rate of 100%. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results The respondents comprised 80% male. Most respondents were sergeants, aged between 21~30, and having a college or higher degree above. 71.1% of them were unmarried. The majority lived with their family and had a monthly income between $25,000~35,000. Their average score on health belief was lower than that suggested in previous research, with a mean BMI value of 23.5. Their intention of taking out-of-pocket health examinations or seeking medical services depended mainly on disease treatment. For most of them, the reasonable fees of an out-of-pocket health examination should fall between $3,500~6,000. About 50% expressed intention to take out-of-pocket health examinations offered by their organization, mainly because of their belief in prevention is better than cure. Economic factors were the main barriers for those who had no intention of taking out-of-pocket health examinations.

Conclusion Young and more physically fit, most Air Force ground maintenance crew did not have any chronic disease and thus felt less threat of diseases. However, most diseases do not develop overnight. In addition to regular physical examinations, they could take out-of-pocket health examinations to have effective monitoring of their health conditions. On the other hand, the authority concerned should increase military officers’ knowledge of health and disease prevention and attempt to offer out-of-pocket health examinations within organizations to increase the accessibility of disease prevention services and reduce barriers to medical utility. All these efforts could help reduce occurrence of diseases that come with age and potential health hazards caused by job stress and also contribute to better health of logistics staff(the ground maintenance crew), lower medical expenditure and higher strength of our air force.

並列關鍵字

health conditions ； health belief ； health examination ； out-of-pocket

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