離婚單親父親親職角色實踐之研究

The research on the role of parenting for divorced single fathers

李榮泰(Jung-Tai Li)

指導教授 ： 卓春英

長榮大學/人文社會學院/社會工作學系(所)/碩士(2011年)

摘要

在現今家庭結構變遷的趨勢影響下，單親家庭的比例與數量亦隨之增加，而離婚更是高居導致男女單親成因之首位。故離婚單親家長面對家庭關係重組，其身心調適良好與否，更對與其共同生活的小孩與其他家庭成員造成直接影響。但台灣的研究主軸均集中在單親母親或單親家庭及其兒童等議題，較少單獨探討單親父親之需求。再加上因傳統父權觀念影響，台灣男性在家務工作或親職教養上長期均處於被動的角色，離婚單親男性如何主動並正向因應便成為重要研究議題。本研究進一步了解離婚單親父親親職角色之主觀經驗，從系統理論觀點探究這些單親父親如何因應親職角色的轉換與其個人需求之變化。
本研究採質性研究方式，以七名與未滿18歲子女同住，並實際負責主要照顧責任之離婚單親父親為研究對象。研究者採半結構式問卷訪談法來進行研究資料收集與分析，藉此了解離婚單親父親的親職角色經驗。經過訪談七位受訪者的研究結果分析發現，離婚事件的歷程多元且複雜。而且受訪者雖主張以子女最佳利益為考量重點，但對於子女共同監護制度均抱持不信任態度；而受訪者之工具性角色仍高於情感性角色，但他們仍會盡力找出正向方法來因應親職教養所帶來的挑戰；而同住之親人仍是受訪者主要、優先使用的支持系統資源，而正式支持系統資源則因男性自尊以及求助管道不足，無法有效發揮功效；但除子女親職教養所帶來的調適困擾，受訪者若能跳脫傳統性別角色觀點，妥善運用資源來經營親子關係，單親父親是具備親職實踐的正向能量。
本研究最終，也依循研究結果期盼能透過對離婚單親父親的認識，破除社會大眾對單親父親的迷思。並持續累積單親父親的實務工作經驗，在單親家庭支持系統網絡的建構以及傳統性別角色的解構上，對他們產生正向的助益。

關鍵字

離婚 ； 單親父親 ； 親職角色 ； 單親家庭

並列摘要

Influenced by the changing trend of family structure nowadays, the ratio and number of single-parent families is increasing, and divorce is the top one reason causes the result. The divorced single parents have to face the new form of family relationship, and his/her attitude adjusting to the new change directly impacts the children or other members of the family. The themes of the past research in Taiwan, the focused on single mothers or single-parent families and their children, seldom focused on discussing the need of the single fathers.Affected by the traditional father-authority, Taiwanese men have been very passive doing the house chores or parenting children.This research is to explore how a divorced men cope with these with an active and positive attitude, and furthermore to understand how single fathers experience their parenting roles.Through the point of system theory views, we discuss how single fathers cope with the change of their parenting roles and their personal needs.

With the methods of qualitative research, the research target is 7 divorced single fathers who live with their children under 18 and they take on the major
responsibilities looking after their children.The researcher interviewed the targets with a semi-constructive questionnaire, and collected, analyzed and studied the information in order to understand their parenting roles as a divorced single father.Interviewing 7 divorced single fathers, I realized their divorce process is diverse and complicated. Although most of the interviewee agreed that the benefits of their children are on the first priority, they still do not trust the system of children common guardianship.However They would focus on their functional roles rather than emotional roles,but they still tired their best to face their challenges of parenting children in a positive way.Somehow, the family members living in the same house are the interviewee's major resources on the support system instead of the official ones. They either felt too embarrassed to ask for help or lack of helping hands, so they felt frustrated on their parenting roles.Apart from adjusting their new role in parenting children, if single fathers could get out of the traditional expectations on different genders, and made the best use of all the resources to develop their relationships with their children, they actually could bring out the positive changes while taking care of their children.

From the result of the research, we hopefully can learn more about divorced single fathers, and improve our understanding of their difficulties. While we get more and more practical experiences in helping single fathers, we may build a better supporting system for single-parent families, and eliminate the burdens of traditional gender roles.

並列關鍵字

divorce ； single father ； role of parenting ； single-parent family

參考文獻

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