- 學位論文
化學槽車公路運輸及裝卸載事故探討與分析
The Analysis of the Chemical Tank Vehicle Accidents for Roadway Transportion, Loading and Unloading
摘要
現今製程設備及技術的不斷研發創新，一般傳統及高科技產業需要大量且多元化的應用原（物）料、溶劑及化學品，國內利用公路運輸槽車來配合製程生產，現今公路交通網相當便利，隨著公路貨物量與運輸頻次的增加，使化學品槽車運送過程中事故次數相對提升，若發生運輸化學品之槽車洩漏或火災、爆炸等事故型態，將導致整個社會大眾的潛在危害風險更為嚴重。 本研究將針對國內化學槽車公路運輸事故（1998年~2006年）進行統計分析與量化，探討運輸槽車事故型態、槽車型式、發生地點、工廠設置區域、人員傷亡機率及裝卸載作業分析等因素，研究結果發現，運輸槽車事故發生的次數與槽車型式、發生地點、工廠設置區域、人員傷亡率、運輸槽車失誤率等各方面並非為相對的比例關係；另外，在案例統計中發現運輸系統之高壓槽車事故發生率實際大於常壓槽車；當運輸槽車發生事故時，將超過50％機率造成翻覆之事故型態，建議救援或消防單位對於槽車翻覆時應採取相關模擬訓練及所需之應變設施、器材，迅速完成救災之任務。而造成槽車事故的主因以人為因素所導致佔90％以上，環境、天候與設備因素為間接因素，除此之外，化學槽車事故嚴重度會隨著運輸化學品特性產生不同的危害後果，本研究以丙烯腈槽車撞擊翻覆發生大量洩漏事故為例，以初步危害分析與失誤樹方式實施危害辨識，並利用美國ALOHA模擬軟體計算該毒性化學物質之洩漏濃度LC50、IDLH、ERPG、TWA、STEL等擴散影響與管制範圍，建議救災人員進入危險區域實施管制與隔離。 最後，期望能提供各界對化學槽車事故之危害認知，消弭化學槽車災害發生頻率及減少人員傷亡、財產損失，建議事業單位或運輸業者重視對運輸槽車安全措施及駕駛者各項專業能力教育訓練，而主管機關能研擬運輸槽車專業化證照規範，提升國內運輸安全管理制度。
並列摘要
The accidents of chemical transportation have increased every year in this decade. Leakages, fires, and explosions from these chemicals always result in huge damage or serious injuries. From research, the accident rate of pressurized tank vehicles is higher than the rate of atmospheric tanks. According to this research, the tank vehicle turnover rate is over 50%, so rescue teams and facilities should focus on vehicle turnover training, especially for pressurized tank vehicles. The accident rate is higher than the transportation rate because the amount of the drivers remains the same in this decade and more trips are required for each driver. They are too tired to drive safely and lead to more accidents. Fault tree and PHA is used to analyze the potential hazards in transportation, the loading and unloading process. Humane error is the most familiar factor for tank vehicle accidents, such as lack of good training. Good recognition of these chemicals is required in the training of these drivers, which include complete personal protective equipment knowledge, fire extinguishment skills, and etc. ALOHA is used to simulate the distance of LC50, IDLH, ERPG, TWA, and STEL to provide a better control zone when a vehicle leakage occurs. This research provides a good guide for rescue training direction and a safety control zone for common leakage accidents.