應用多目標規劃於防災公園選址之研究-以臺南市東區為例

A Multi-Objective Programming Approach for the Siting of Disaster-Prevention Park－ A Case Study of East District in Tainan City

曾詩婷(Shih-Ting Tseng)

指導教授 ： 周士雄 ； 薩支平

長榮大學/管理學院/土地管理與開發學系(所)/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2014.00121

摘要

都市中之公園綠地不僅提供平時休閒遊憩之用，於災時也能夠轉化為防災公園，成為執行避難、安置、指揮、調度等機能之據點，在地狹人稠且開放空間有限的都市地區，此種兼具防災機能的角色更顯重要。民國88年九二一地震後，我國也陸續著手進行防災公園之相關規劃與建設工作，特別是在都市化程度較高、人口較密集的都會地區。在政府資源有限的情況下，防災公園的指定與建置並無法全面性，如何兼顧地區防災需求與政府資源有效投入，成為防災公園規劃的重要課題。
本研究以臺南市東區作為研究範圍，透過文獻回顧，歸納防災公園所應該發揮之角色功能，做為研擬防災公園選址因子的基礎；考量防災公園兼具多種防災需求，並在數量及區位均有限制的情況，以區位理論及多目標規劃法作為建置防災公園選址的評估模式。本研究針對防災公園兼具避難以及救援等兩大面向的功能，同時考慮防救災空間所需要的效率性與公平性。在區位選址的目標設定上，避難功能考量係應用P中位模式以及有容量限制的設施區位服務覆蓋問題（CLSCP），而在醫療、救難人力等救援與能量配置之考量則應用P中心模式。
研究結果顯示，當臺南市東區可建置10座防災公園時，即可得總加權距離最小，此時以龍山段公E7為優先開闢對象。總體而言，若以條件符合1公頃以上之公園綠地作為考量，於10座公園中，建設6座防災公園即可達到最大建置效率，此時就整個東區而言，可服務65%之避難人口。分析結果可提供政府做為防災公園建置劃設時之參考依據。

關鍵字

防災公園 ； 區位理論 ； 區位選址 ； 多目標規劃

並列摘要

Parks in urban area are not only for leisure activities but also for disaster-prevention whenever a disaster strikes. They can be served as the base for evacuating, placement, commanding, and dispatching. Parks’ disaster-prevention function becomes extremely important in urban area where is crowded and short of open space. Since the 921 Earthquake in 1999, Taiwan has started to plan and build disaster-prevention parks especially in the highly urbanized and crowded metropolitan area. Due to local governments’ limited resources, the planning and establishing of disaster-prevention parks cannot be holistically conducted. Fulfilling the need of regional disaster prevention and utilizing governmental resources effectively are the primary concerns when plans of constructing disaster-prevention parks are being made.
East District, Tainan City was aimed at within the scope of this study. The functions of disaster-prevention parks were induced through a comprehensive literature review, for they are the basis of simulating siting factors. To ensure multiple disaster-prevention functions while numbers of the parks and available areas were limited, location theory and multiple objective programming were used to construct the evaluation model of the siting of disaster-prevention parks. This study focused on evacuation and disaster relief as the two major functions of disaster-prevention parks, as well as the efficiency and fairness needed for using rescue space. In terms of the goal setting for site selection, P-median model and capacitated location set covering problem （CLSCP） were applied to the evacuation function of disaster-prevention parks. P-center model was applied to the allocation of energy and rescue resources like medical treatments and rescuers.
The research results showed that if 10 disaster-prevention parks were constructed in East District, Tainan, the weighted total distance could achieve its smallest number. Given this fact, the developing of Park E7 in Longshan section should be the first priority. In general, if only consider park green space which is larger than the size of 1 hectare, building 6 disaster-prevention parks out of 10 parks can maximize the efficiency. Under this premise, 65% of the evacuating population can be served. When building disaster-prevention parks, the results can be used as a reference for the government.

並列關鍵字

Disaster Prevention Parks ； Location theory ； Site Selection ； Multi-Objective Programming

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