石化廠作業勞工甲醛暴露評估

Exposure Assessment of Formaldehyde for Workers in Petrochemical Plants

洪珮芬(Pei-Fen Hung)

指導教授 ： 吳俊德

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2014.00152

摘要

本研究針對石化廠作業勞工甲醛暴露進行個人暴露及區域採樣測定，以描繪勞工甲醛暴露實態、暴露危害風險及主要暴露影響因子。研究選定三個製程中使用甲醛的石化廠區(分別以A、B和C表示)，依全面性暴露評估策略分別將各廠區勞工區分為幾個相似暴露群組(similar exposure groups, SEGs)，然後由群組中隨機抽樣選取勞工進行甲醛個人採樣暴露測定；並於個人採樣同時，於廠區進行定點空氣樣本採集。勞工被要求填寫一份工作紀錄表，紀錄暴露採樣測定時間內每15分鐘所從事的工作項目。甲醛暴露測定採用經10﹪hydroxymethyl piperidine處理的XAD-2管和裹敷2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(2,4-DNPH)的矽膠管進行採樣，所採集樣本分別以氣相層析儀搭配火焰離子偵測器(gas chromatography/flame ionization detector, GC/FID)和高效能液相層析儀搭配紫外光偵測器(high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detector, HPLC/UV)進行分析。本研究從A、B和C三個廠個人暴露測定樣本數分別為39、20和20個，其暴露濃度平均值(±標準差)分別為：8.85 (±15.4)、22.78(±28.78)和5.38 (±6.39) ppb；A和B二個廠區域測定的樣本數均為20個，其測定濃度平均值(±標準差)分別為：3.60(±2.95)和5.10(±9.34) ppb。研究結果顯示三個石化廠作業勞工甲醛暴露濃度遠低於我國的容許濃度標準1 ppm，但有少數勞工暴露測定濃度高達70 ppb以上，需針對這些勞工的作業項目予以特別關注。

關鍵字

石化廠 ； 甲醛 ； 暴露測定 ； 相似暴露群組

並列摘要

In this study workers in petrochemical plants were measured for formaldehyde exposure by personal and area sampling. The exposure profile, exposure risk and exposure determinants of formaldehyde for the workers were characterized. We selected three petrochemical plants (denoated by A, B and C) which used formaldehyde in their manufacturing processes. Comprehensive exposure assessment strategy was used to classify the workers in each petrochemical plant into several similar exposure groups (SEGs) of formaldehyde exposure. Personal exposure measurements of formaldehyde for the workers randomly selected from each SEG. Fixed-site environmental formaldehyde measurements were also taken in each plant when conduting personal exposure measurements. The workers were asked to fill out a job recording sheet to write down the work tasks performed in each 15 minutes during the exposure measurement day. Two types of sampling tubes were used for formaldehyde exposure measurements. One was the XAD-2 tube treated with 10% hydroxymethyl piperidine. The other one was the silica gel tube coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH). These tubes were analyzed by a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and a high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). The samples of personal exposure measurements obtained from A, B and C plants were 39, 20 and 20, repectively. The means(standard deviation) of personal 8-hour time weighted exposures for A, B and C plants were 8.85(±15.4), 22.78(±28.78) and 5.38(±6.39) ppb, respectively. Twenty fixed-site measurement samples were collected from each of A and B plants. The means(standard deviation) of fixed-site environmental formaldehyde measurements for A and B plants were 3.60(±2.95) and 5.10(±9.34) ppb, respectively. The results indicated that the workers’ exposure to formaldehyde in these three petrochemical plants was far below our national permissible exposure limit 1 ppm. However, several personal exposure measurements were higher than 70 ppb which showed some work tasks resulting in the workers to receive high concentration exposure to formaldehyde. More attention should be paid to these work tasks to reduce the workers’ formaldehyde exposure.

並列關鍵字

petrochemical plant ； formaldehyde ； personal exposure measurements and similar exposure group

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