高科技廠房消防設施有效性評估

本研究以高科技廠房消防設備作為探討目標，比較國內外法規、相關文獻及目前高科技廠房消防設備實際設置情形，並以檢修申報情形及實際案例資料驗證現行高科技廠房消防設備之有效性；在檢修申報缺失項目中發現高科技廠房因廠內設置輸送系統影響改變防煙區劃(防煙壁)之情形，這種方式不但違法且一旦發生災害將造成嚴重損失，建議廠商如有場所用途、構造等適用國內現行法規困難者應提出免適用「各類場所消防安全設備設置標準第188條第一款」防煙區劃之替代方案審核為最佳之途徑。另外高科技廠房因應空間環境特殊及保險公司要求普遍自行增設極早期火災探測器(ASD)系統，其中以VESDA設置最為普遍；本研究經彙整5家高科技公司2010~2012期間VESDA作動情形紀錄，藉以驗證VESDA之效能及其誤作動原因分析；在高科技廠房無塵室高速換氣環境中VESDA系統比傳統局限型偵煙探測器更有效的情況下，目前有數家高科技廠房提出無塵室部分樓層VESDA偵煙探測系統替代火警自動警報設備經消防署審核通過，此作法既符合法令規範且兼顧設備效能並能節省設置成本，可作為其他高科技廠房參考。高科技廠房亦常因製程需求而變更自動警報設備，以致與圖面不符合之情形產生，應於變更時納入評估。而撒水頭護罩經研究發現大多使用非經UL及FM認證合格之產品，恐將嚴重影響撒水滅火性能，建議科技廠房應詳加評估改善對策。NFPA318 並無要求無塵室安裝排煙系統，但若使用原排氣管道進行排煙因其為下排式，恐將影響向上煙氣之排除效果，應謹慎評估其有效性。在消防救災實務上無塵室內常有通訊不良之情形，未來應要求裝設無線電輔助設備，以利救災。

關鍵字

VESDA(極早期火災探測器) ；煙控；防煙壁；撒水頭；撒水頭護罩

並列摘要

This study is focusing on the fire equipment of the high-tech workshop and compared the installation of the fire equipment with other countries. Through the maintenance reports and actual case studies, it is able to verify the efficacy of the fire equipment and hence achieve the maximum fire protection and response. Maintenance report has shown that installation of AMHS (Automated Material Handling System) occupied the space of smoke compartments (smoke hanging wall). Such act is illegal and will bring catastrophic consequence if fire occurs. Recently, under the Article 6 of the Fire Services Act, few high-tech workshops propose an alternative for“1st Paragraph of Article 188th of Standards for Installation of Fire Safety Equipment Based on Use and Occupancy”, which is replacing it with the use of FDS and SIMULEX computer simulation software with the industrial smoke control. Above method can be served as a reference for other high-tech workshop. Furthermore, due to the specific environments contained in the high-tech workshops and request by the insurance companies, the high-tech workshop normally would install ASD (Aspirating smoke detector) voluntarily; VESDA is the most common setting among others. The research compiled the record data of VESDA from five different high-tech companies in the period from 2010 to 2012. This helps to verify the efficacy of VESDA and find out the cause of dysfunction. In the situation of cleanroom with high-velocity ventilation, VESDA is more effective than the traditional smoke detector. Therefore, several high-tech companies have suggested replacing the traditional smoke detectors with VESDA in cleanrooms and have been approved by the Fire Department. The action satisfies the requirement set by the law and allow saving the budget of the devices. Hence, the idea of replacing traditional smoke detector with VESDA can be used as reference for other high-tech company or similar industries.

並列關鍵字

VESDA(Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus ) ； Smoke control ； smoke hanging wall ； Sprinkler ； Sprinkler Guards

參考文獻

【13】陳朝慶，無塵室火災模擬，國立中山大學機械工程學系研究所論文，2001

【24】張光宇，半導體無塵室在空氣流路徑上的危害評估，國立清華大學工業工程與工程管理研究所論文，2006

【5】 ISO（International Organization for Standardization），ISO-14644-1，1999

【8】 SEMI S2，Safety GuideLine for Fire Protection of Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment

【10】 NFPA72，National Fire Alarm Code

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高科技廠房消防設施有效性評估

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