非營利組織轉換型領導、參與動機、志工人格特質與服務績效關係之研究─以「中國大智慧靈氣研究會」為例

The Relationship among Transformational Leadership, Participation Motivation, Volunteers’ Personality Traits and Service Performance: An Empirical Study of the Chinese Great Wisdom Spiritual Research Association

林杏諭(Hsing-Yu Lin)

指導教授 ： 李元墩

長榮大學/管理學院/高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)/碩士(2009年)

摘要

經濟的成長帶動了社會多元的發展，人民在生活富足安定之餘，參與社會志工服務的意願與熱誠相對提高，因此，非營利事業組織也隨之迅速成長。「人」是組織中最寶貴的資產，一位領導者如果能瞭解每位成員不同的參與動機，並藉由不同的志工人格特質之優點，帶領團體穩健成長，進而使服務績效顯著提升，此乃在在考驗著領導者的能力與睿智。本研究之目的旨在探討中國大智慧靈氣研究會其「轉換型領導」、「參與動機」、「服務績效」以及「志工人格特質」四構念間之關係，進而提出實務應用，以提升研究會之效能。
經文獻分析與諮詢實務專家，本研究引用適用於非營利組織之轉換型領導、參與動機、志工人格特質與服務績效等構念量表，針對社團法人中國大智慧靈氣研究會七個辦事處之會員發放問卷。本研究採取分層方式抽樣，共發出270份問卷，回收問卷270份，經剔除無效的37份問卷後，有效問卷為233份，故有效問卷回收率為86.3％。再採變異數分析、迴歸分析、Person相關分析與層級迴歸分析等統計方法加以驗證本研究假設。
根據分析結果歸納出研究結論如下：1.轉換型領導對服務績效有顯著正向關係，且均能產生顯著正向影響；2.參與動機對服務績效有顯著正向關係，且能產生顯著正向影響；3.轉換型領導及參與動機分別會因志工人格特質之干擾作用而對服務績效產生顯著正向影響。最後，就本研究之結論與管理意涵作深入之探討，並呈現具體之研究貢獻與建議，以供實務界及學術界參酌。

關鍵字

非營利組織、轉換型領導、參與動機、志工人格特質、服務績效

並列摘要

Nowadays, more and more people living affluently and stably in the multi-development of the society that has resulted from the dynamic growth of the economy have an increasing interest and motivation to devote themselves to offering volunteer services; therefore, non-profit organizations have been rapidly growing. “People” have been regarded as a most valuable asset for any sort of organization. Non-profit organization leaders usually find it challenge to enhance services to grow because they need to understand every member’s motivation for participation and how their personalities impact the organization to promote growth. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among transformational leadership, participation motivation, volunteers’ personality traits, and service performance in the Chinese Great Wisdom Spiritual Research Association, and to further propose practical applications to enhance the operational performance of the Association.
Based on literature review and expert consultation, a scale measuring the aforementioned four dimensions was constructed and a survey was conducted in the Chinese Great Wisdom Spiritual Research Association. By using stratified and purposive sampling, there were 233 effective questionnaires returned among 270 questionnaires distributed. The usable returned rate was 86.3%. The data were analyzed by a variety of statistical methods, including ANOVA, Person correlation analysis, regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis to testify the hypotheses of this study. According to the results, the findings of this study are as follows:
1. Transformational leadership has a significant positive correlation and influence on service performance;
2. Participation motivation has a significant positive correlation and influence on service performance;
3. Both transformational leadership and participation motivation have a significant positive influence on service performance with a moderating effect of volunteers’ personality traits.
Finally, the conclusions of the study and managerial implications have been discussed and explored. Besides, this study offers concrete contributions and specific recommendations to both business and academia for references.

並列關鍵字

Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs), Transformational Leadership, Participation Motivation, Volunteers’ Personality Traits, Service Performance

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