研發國際化的組織與策略:以國外在台半導體研發中心為例

Global R&D Organization and Strategy: A Study of MNE’s Semiconductor-related R&D Centers in Taiwan

沈宗毅(Tsung-Yi Shen)

指導教授 ： 張元杰

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/科技管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究以台灣的角度，對跨國企業來台研發的營運模式進行分析討論，主要研究目的有二，一則為探索台灣與歐美日已開發國家及中國、印度等大型市場經濟體相較下，在吸引跨國企業前來佈局研發之獨特優勢與動機，以提供台灣政府在制定政策時能在保持台灣的獨特優勢下持續強化之﹔再者為利用動機面、策略面與組織面三大面向之研究，分析企業從跨國研發動機形成到發展研發策略最後建立研發網路間的關聯性，及其他因素對最後研發組織型態之影響，以增進國內外企業在進行研發佈局時的決策正確性，並建立有效率之內外部研發網路。

最後發現，在動機面研究中，獲取台灣的優質研發人力、跟台灣的學研單位、獨特產業環境進行創新網路連結為台灣與其他國家之較明顯差異﹔策略面研究中，我們以研發單位的技術移轉方向與專注市場對象兩構面形成新進市場型策略、特殊任務型策略、自給自足型策略與全球中心型策略四種策略，本研究所形成之策略模型不但補充了以往Ronstdat、Barlett & Ghoshal跨國研發策略的不足，並可對以台灣為立足點的四家研發中心進行所屬策略角色之分類與解釋﹔而最後的組織面研究，我們以台灣研發單位為中心，將其研發網路主之分為內外部型態，內部網路以Gassmann & von Zedtwitz (1999)提出五種類型研發網路架構為基礎討論整體企業之內部網路型態與台灣研發單位之研發位階，外部網路則分成獨立型、產業深化型、研究深化型、創新型研發網路四大類，分別研究四家研發中心所屬網路型態，並結合之前研究討論研發組織形成的因素。

關鍵字

多國籍企業 ； 研發全球化 ； 技術移轉 ； 研發組織與策略 ； 創新網路

並列摘要

This paper aims at analyzing the operation activities of MNEs’ Taiwan R&D center from Taiwan's perspective. First, we try to find out Taiwan’s unique competitive strengths which attract MNEs to deploy R&D in Taiwan, but not in the developed triad countries, such as China and India. Then we can provide policy suggestions for Taiwan government to keep the indigenous strengths and fortify them. Second, we are engaged in motivation, strategy and organization research to analyze the relationship of the progress of MNEs’ R&D plan—first, forming motivation of foreign R&D, then, developing R&D strategy and finally, building the global R&D network. Through these researches, both foreign and local enterprises can attain information about how to enhance the correctness of global R&D decision making and then build up an efficient global R&D network.

In the discussion of motivation research after case study, we found that Taiwan distinguishes itself in the respects such as high-quality R&D human resources and tapping into nation innovation systems with universities, research institutes and local industrial supply chain. In strategy research, we adopted technology transfer – market focus dimensions to create four strategies: newcomer, special task, self-containment and global integration strategies. In organization research, we diversified R&D network into internal & external network. Of the internal network, we used Gassmann & von Zedtwitz’s five types of R&D network as the ground work and then discussed the R&D network type of overall business and the R&D status of Taiwan R&D unit. Also, we divided external network into four kinds of networks：independent, industrial- deepening, research- deepening and integrated R&D networks. By these network definitions, we were able to analyze which kinds of R&D networks the four researched R&D units belong to. Ultimately, we combined former researches to conclude how to form a R&D organization.

並列關鍵字

MNEs ； R&D globalization ； technology transfer ； R&D organization & strategy ； national innovation systems

參考文獻

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