幼兒園家長式領導對組織效能之影響－以教保服務人員工作投入為中介變項

A Study of the Relationships among the Paternalistic Leadership of Preschool, Job Involvement of Preschool Educator, and Organizational Effectiveness

呂文翔(Wen-Hsiang Lu)

指導教授 ： 孫良誠

國立清華大學/竹師教育學院/幼兒教育學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2021年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討「幼兒園家長式領導」、「組織效能」與「教保服務人員工作投入」之關係。以臺灣本島幼兒園教保服務人員為調查研究對象，經整理相關文獻後，編製「幼兒園家長式領導對組織效能影響調查問卷」，並以分層系統抽樣方式，抽取335所幼兒園，共1005位教保服務人員為研究樣本。經問卷回收得到有效問卷822份，有效回收率為81.79％。調查結果採平均數、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、結構方程模式及拔薛法等方法進行資料分析，獲致以下結論：
一、臺灣地區教保服務人員對「幼兒園家長式領導」有中高度知覺，其中以「德行領導」知覺最高，依次為「仁慈領導」、「威權領導」。對幼兒園「組織效能」有高度知覺，其中以「幼兒園滿意度」知覺最高，依次為「教保服務人員專業能力」、「行政效能」。對「工作投入」有高度知覺，其中以「工作樂趣」知覺最高，依次為「工作認同」、「工作專注」。
二、服務於「私立幼兒園」之教保服務人員對幼兒園家長式領導的知覺高於「公立幼兒園」。職務為「教保員」之教保服務人員對幼兒園家長式領導及組織效能的知覺高於「教師」。學歷為「高中職」、「專科」及「大學」之教保服務人員對幼兒園家長式領導的知覺程度高於「研究所（含）以上」；學歷為「專科」及「大學」之教保服務人員對於組織效能的知覺程度高於「研究所（含）以上」。
三、經驗證性因素分析，「幼兒園家長式領導」為二階三因子模型；「組織效能」、「工作投入」為一階模型，模型適配度良好，具有良好的信、效度。
四、「幼兒園家長式領導」之「德行領導」與「仁慈領導」對「教保服務人員工作投入」及「組織效能」具有顯著正向影響力；「威權領導」對「組織效能」具有顯著負向影響力；「教保服務人員工作投入」對「組織效能」具有顯著正向影響力。
五、「教保服務人員工作投入」在「幼兒園家長式領導」與「組織效能」間具有部分的中介效果。「教保服務人員工作投入」在「德行領導」與「組織效能」間具有完全的中介效果；「教保服務人員工作投入」在「仁慈領導」與「組織效能」間具有部分的中介效果。
最後，本研究根據文獻整理、資料分析結果及研究結論提出建議，以供幼兒園園長、教保服務人員及未來研究者參考。

關鍵字

幼兒園 ； 家長式領導 ； 組織效能 ； 教保服務人員 ； 工作投入

並列摘要

The purposes of study were to discuss the relationships between parentalistic leadership of preschool, organizational effectiveness, and job involvement of preschool educator. Preschool educators within Taiwan were the research objects, and the “Questionnaire of the Effects of Parentalistic Leadership of Preschool on Organizational Effectiveness” was made by relevant literature; moreover, by adopting stratified sampling, 1005 preschool educators were selected from 335 preschools. There were 822 shares of effective questionnaire and the effective returned questionnaire ratios were 81.79%. Mean, standard error, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping were utilized to analyze data, and the conclusions were as follows:
1.Preschool educators in Taiwan were moderate high aware of parentalistic leadership of preschool, and the highest awareness was moral leadership, then were benevolent leadership and authoritarian leadership. They were high aware of the organizational effectiveness, and the highest awareness was the satisfaction of preschool, then were the professionals of preschool educator and administrative effectiveness. They also were high aware of job involvement, and the highest awareness was job enjoyment, then were job identification and job concentration.
2.Preschool educators who served at private preschool were aware of parentalistic leadership of preschool higher than ones served at public preschool. Preschool caregivers were aware of parentalistic leadership of preschool and organizational effectiveness higher than preschool teachers. Preschool educators who earned high school, professional school, and bachelor’s degree were aware of parentalistic leadership of preschool higher than ones earned master or doctoral degree. Preschool educators who earned professional school, and bachelor’s degree were aware of organizational effectiveness higher than ones earned master or doctoral degree.
3.Within confirmative factor analysis, parentalistic leadership of preschool was the second stage in three-factor model whereas organizational effectiveness, and job involvement were the first stage in three-factor model. All the model fits were good with available reliability and validity.
4.Job involvement of preschool educator and organizational effectiveness were significantly positive affected by moral leadership and benevolent leadership; organizational effectiveness was significantly negative affected by authoritarian leadership; organizational effectiveness was significantly positive affected by job involvement of preschool educator.
5.The effects of parentalistic leadership of preschool on organizational effectiveness were partially positive mediated by the job involvement of preschool educator. The effects of moral leadership on organizational effectiveness were positive mediated by job involvement of preschool educator. The effects of benevolent leadership on organizational effectiveness were partially positive mediated by the job involvement of preschool educator.
According to the results of this study, the researcher tried to make some suggestions for preschool directors, preschool educator and the future study.

並列關鍵字

Preschool ； ParentalisticLeadership ； OrganizationalEffectiveness ； PreschoolEducator ； JobInvolvement

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