讀史與述事：馮夢龍作品之歷史意識與政治關懷

本研究以馮夢龍的敘事作品為討論對象，討論範圍除白話小說外，亦包含其歷史著述，其中有筆記、方志、科舉書等多樣作品。研究視「閱讀」與「敘述」為貫串馮夢龍作品的兩大主軸：「閱讀」成為馮夢龍汲取經史知識的來源，也是他敘述故事之時的素材；「敘述」涉及他如何構設故事，並且藉此引起讀者認同而參與其中。通過此一視野，本文首先探問：馮夢龍從閱讀歷史進入到敘述歷史的過程中，如何通過編輯活動將其理念推向公眾世界。其次追問，馮夢龍如何藉由敘述將其政治想像投注於他的各類作品之中。針對以上兩個問題，本論文聚焦於「編輯活動」、「歷史意識」、「敘述話語」、「政治關懷」四個層面的開展，並希望由此建構出馮夢龍編輯與著述的動態演變。論文第一章為緒論，說明本研究動機與目的，提出「閱讀」與「敘述」作為馮夢龍研究的合理性。論文第二章聚焦於馮夢龍的「編輯身分」，以晚明出版文化為背景，剖析馮夢龍在此一文化語境選擇「編輯」作為自我定位，實際上具有積極的行動意涵。第三章從馮夢龍各種著述的序文中，爬梳其經史學知識與小說觀念間的互摶與交織，論文主張馮夢龍通過控制意義的方式，在「歷史」與「小說」兩種體裁間交互遊走，二者共享相同的敘述話語卻又隱含界線。論文第四章聚焦於馮夢龍的白話小說作品，藉由剖析小說如何敘述，釐清馮夢龍在小說中敘述歷史所達到之政治批判目的。第五章則以馮夢龍的歷史著述為範圍，通過對馮夢龍「官吏身分」的解讀，探討其中蘊含的政治認同，並以此理解馮夢龍對於《春秋》經學的體悟，如何轉化作為他面對當下政治變遷的理論資源。本論文選擇馮夢龍作為研究對象，並且從「閱讀」與「敘述」切入他一生著作所反映的四個層面，目的在於填補現有馮夢龍研究的空缺，並且對晚明小說和歷史敘述之間的離合關係進行觀察，期能通過馮夢龍的個案豐富我們對晚明敘述文學的理解與認識。

關鍵字

馮夢龍；歷史意識；敘述話語；政治關懷；編輯活動

並列摘要

This dissertation takes Feng Menglong’s narrative works as the object of discussion. In addition to fictional narrative works such as vernacular novels, it also includes his historical works, such as notes, chorography, examination aids, etc. This research takes “reading” and “narrating” as the two main axes of Feng’s work: “Reading” became the source of Feng’s knowledge of history, as well as the material of his narrative stories; as for “narrating”, which involves how he constructed a story and used it to get the readers’ approval and participate in it. Through this vision, the first question is from reading to narrating history, how does Feng push his ideas to public through his editing skills and activities? Secondly, how can Feng put his own political imagination into his various works by using his narrative skills? From the view of two questions mentioned, the research focuses on the development of “editing activities”, “historical consciousness”, “narrative discourse” and “political concern”, hoping to construct the dynamic evolution of Feng’s role as editor and writer at the same time. The first introduction chapter is the explanation of the motive and purpose of this research, and proposing “reading” and “narrating” as the rationality of Feng Menglong’s research. The second chapter focuses on Feng’s “editing identity”. Based on the publishing culture of late Ming Dynasty, Feng chose “editing” as his self-position in this cultural context, which in fact with positive action meanings. In the third chapter, from the prefaces of Feng’s various works, he explored the intertwined between historiographic knowledge and novel concepts. This chapter argues that Feng interacts between two genres of “history” and “fiction” by controlling the meanings. These two share the same narrative discourse but implied boundaries. The forth chapter focuses on Feng’s vernacular novels. By analyzing the novels’ describing method, it clarifies the purpose of Feng’s political criticism in the novels’ historical narration. The following chapter takes Feng’s historical writings as the scope, through the interpretation of his “bureaucratic identity”, to explore the political identity contained therein, and to understand Feng’s comprehension of the Chun-qiu（《春秋》），which transform into theoretical resources when facing his currently changing political circumstances. This dissertation chooses Feng Menglong as the research object, and cuts into the four aspects in his life’s works from the perspective of “reading” and “narrating”, aiming to fill the gaps in the existing Feng Menglong research and the attached-separation relationship between the late Ming novels and the historical narratives. By this, we can enrich our understanding of the late Ming narrative literature through Feng Menglong’s case.