探討自行車龍頭豎管調整對於人體肌肉活化 及關節角度的影響

緒論：自行車騎乘都會有前骨盆傾斜與軀幹傾斜的情形，除了車體大小、把手型式以及坐墊位置之外，還有「豎管」距離長短及角度也會影響身體前傾角度，需要以科學證據釐清，豎管傾斜角度及其距離使關節角度改變對身體的影響程度。方法：自行車龍頭豎管設定3種角度和3種豎管長度，利用無線肌電圖測量儀和三維動作捕捉系統Vicon Motion System收集踩踏過程（30秒，50rpm，80W）動作與肌電訊號，再依踩踏週期進行肌電分析與關節角度。收取資料以二因子變異數分析比較上肢四條肌肉活化，和踩踏週期中肘、肩以及髖關節角度動作參數之差異。當統計上達顯著水準時，再以LSD法進行事後比較，本研究之顯著水準為α= .05。結果：豎管長度比例之肌肉活化方面，只有伸腕肌達顯著；豎管角度之肌肉活化方面，伸腕肌和闊背肌達顯著。豎管長度比例之關節角度方面，肩關節和髖關節角度達到顯著；豎管角度之關節角度，髖關節角度達到顯著。豎管長度越長或角度越低時，前臂肌肉活化越大，而前三角肌活化越低；此時關節角度上，肩關節角度越大，髖關節角度越小。結論：不同比例豎管長度與角度調整於上肢肌肉差異主要在伸腕肌，肌肉活上兩因子皆達顯著差異，尤其在11%、-5∘時都顯著較大。上身關節角度達顯著者為肩關節與髖關節，尤其髖關節兩因子皆達顯著。髖關節角度越小、前臂壓力越重，在11%比例時髖關節角度最小—47.68∘、肩關節角度103.96∘，值得參考，因此時伸腕肌有顯著肌肉活化。

關鍵字

軀幹前傾；豎管長度；豎管角度

並列摘要

Introduction：Bicycle riding will have a front pelvic tilt and a torso tilt. In addition to the size of the car, the type of the handle and the position of the seat cushion, the length and angle of the "vertical pipe" will also affect the forward tilt angle of the body. It needs to be clarified by scientific evidence. The angle of inclination of the standpipe and its distance affect the degree of influence of the joint angle on the body.Methods：The bicycle faucet is set with 3 angles and 3 vertical tube lengths. The wireless electromyography measuring instrument and the 3D motion capture system Vicon Motion System are used to collect the pedaling process (30 seconds, 50 rpm, 80 W) and the myoelectric signal, and then step on the pedal. The myoelectric analysis and joint angle were performed periodically. The data were analyzed by two-factor variance analysis to compare the activation of the four muscles of the upper limbs and the differences in the angular movement parameters of the elbow, shoulder and hip during the pedaling cycle. When the statistical level is significant, the post-mortem comparison is performed by the LSD method. The significant level of this study is α = .05.Results：In terms of muscle activation in the proportion of the length of the vertical tube, only the wrist muscles were prominent; the muscle activation of the vertical tube angle was significant in the extension of the wrist muscle and the broad back muscle. In terms of the joint angle of the length of the vertical tube, the angle of the shoulder joint and the hip joint is significant; the joint angle of the vertical tube angle and the angle of the hip joint are remarkable. The longer the length of the standpipe or the lower the angle, the greater the activation of the forearm muscle and the lower the activation of the anterior deltoid muscle; at this point, the greater the angle of the shoulder joint, the smaller the hip joint angle.Conclusions：The length and angle of the different lengths of the vertical tube were adjusted in the upper limb muscles mainly in the wrist muscles, and the muscle activity was significantly different, especially at 11% and -5 ∘. The upper joint joint angle is significant for both the shoulder joint and the hip joint, especially the hip joint. The smaller the hip joint angle and the heavier the forearm pressure, the minimum hip joint angle at 11% ratio is 47.68∘, and the shoulder joint angle is 103.96∘, which is worthy of reference. Therefore, there is significant muscle activation in the wrist muscle.