上博楚竹書〈成王為城濮之行〉及相關問題研究

〈成王為城濮之行〉收錄於《上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書》第9冊，因全篇目前只見9支簡，共209字，故雖可與《左傳》對讀，但在文字考釋與編聯上仍有諸多問題待釐清。現存簡文記載了城濮之戰前，楚成王命子文教子玉治兵之事，雖與《左傳》內容略有差異，但二者行文脈落大致相同。前人研究多聚焦在集釋，或是古文字形音義的討論上，為開展〈成王為城濮之行〉可能的討論面向，本文欲連結其他相關問題進行深入探究。其一，先就〈成王為城濮之行〉的形制、編聯及疑難字詞進行討論，除提出對於形制、編聯的相關發現外，並考釋簡文中的五個疑難字詞，以祈通讀簡文；其二，對於簡文作全篇釋譯，並針對部分的文意稍作討論，此外，對簡文首句「成王為城濮之行」的句義提出看法及考釋；其三，城濮之戰雖是春秋時代重要的戰役，但歷來各家對於交戰過程卻有歧異，簡文既記載了城濮之戰前的治兵，故對於「城濮之戰」亦不可忽視，在梳理各家對《左傳》描述城濮之戰的看法後，希冀完整呈現晉、楚雙方的會戰過程；其四，從簡文與《左傳》的記載皆可見蒍賈批評子玉無治軍之才，並預言子玉將敗戰。城濮之戰晉軍大敗楚師，看似應驗蒍賈之言，而子玉亦在戰敗後自盡，然而，探究子玉之死背後的原因，並非純然是因戰敗而自盡謝罪，而是政治鬥爭下的一樁悲劇。

關鍵字

成王為城濮之行；上博簡；城濮之戰；子玉；左傳

並列摘要

“Cheng Wang Wei Cheng Pu Zhi Han” has been included in “Shanghai Museum’s Collection of Warring States Chu Bamboo Slips (Vol.9)”. It has been discovered 9 bamboo slips and 209 words so far. Although it can be compared to “Tso-Chuan” , it still has a lot of questions to be solved with the research on ancient texts and arranging bamboo slips. What it records is King Chen of Chu commanded Zi-Wen to teach Zi-Yu how to training the army before War of Chen-Pu. In spite of the fact that it’s slightly different than “Tso-Chuan”, both of them are similar in contexts. Most of the researchers have focused on commentaries or discussion of the anxient words between written characters, pronunciation and meaning. In order to develop possibility of the discussion on various aspects, the paper would connect other related questions. It begins by discussing form, arranging and difficult words. Having discussed the questions above and proposed the discoveries, I am in the hope of understanding what does “Cheng Wang Wei Cheng Pu Zhi Han” mean. Secondly, I would be trying to translate the whole article of “Cheng Wang Wei Cheng Pu Zhi Han” and some sentences are discussed in detail at the same time. In addition, the views and interpretations of the first sentence of “Cheng Wang Wei Cheng Pu Zhi Han” are proposed. Third, although the Battle of Chen-Pu is an important battle in the Spring and Autumn Period, there are different views on the process of engagement all along. The article records about training army before the Battle of Chen-Pu, therefore this battle can not be ignored. I hope to present the battle process between Jin and Chu after sorting out each of the views on the Battle of Chen-Pu by "Tso-Chuan". Fourthly, from the records of the “Cheng Wang Wei Cheng Pu Zhi Han” and “Tso-Chuan”, it’s obviously that Wei-Jia criticized Zi-Yu without talents of traning army and predicted that Zi-Yu was defeated. The result of the Battle of Cheng-Pu, Chu was defeated by Jin and Zi-Yu suicided to take responsibility for defeat. The prophecy was fulfilled seemingly by Wei-Jia, however, the reason behind the death of Zi-Yu was not purely due to the defeat of the battle, but a tragedy under political struggle.