應用相移隔離轉換器之具雙向聯網功能電動車馬達驅動系統

AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MOTOR DRIVE WITH BIDIRECTIONAL GRID-CONNECTED FUNCTION USING PHASE-SHIFTED ISOLATED CONVERTER

黃柏叡(Bo-Rui Huang)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系所/碩士(2019年)

摘要

本論文旨在開發一具雙向隔離聯網及能源收集功能之電動車用內置磁石式永磁同步馬達驅動系統。為改善電動車在廣速度範圍下之驅動性能，馬達驅動系統之直流鏈電壓由蓄電池經全橋式直流/直流介面轉換器建立，可低於或高於電池電壓。此外，超電容經雙向升壓/降壓介面轉換器介接至直流鏈，強化電池之能源轉換特性，降低其變動之充/放電電流。所有電力電路及控制機構均妥以設計及實測評定。
接著，開發基於高頻訊號注入之無位置感測電動車內置磁石式永磁同步馬達驅動系統，並與標準驅動系統進行性能比較評定。除固定頻率注入外，亦提出隨機變頻注入機構。在正常之轉子位置估測操控下，可獲得較均勻分佈之諧波頻譜。
在電動車閒置下，所構建之三相變頻器及雙向隔離雙主動橋式轉換器，可施行電網至車輛、車輛至家庭、車輛至電網等操作，由相移雙主動橋式轉換器提供電氣隔離。在電網至車輛模式，三相變頻器操作成切換式整流器，在車載電池充電下，具良好之交流入電電力品質。至於車輛至家庭及車輛至電網模式，所形成之單相三線式變頻器，產出交流電供給家用負載或回送電能至電網。
至於所開發之能源收集系統，車頂之太陽光伏可於任何情況下直接對電池充電。在閒置時，透過所構之電路，屋頂之太陽光伏、可取用之直流電源或單相交流電源，亦可對車載電池進行輔助充電。

關鍵字

電動車 ； 內置磁石式永磁同步馬達 ； 蓄電池 ； 超電容 ； 介面轉換器 ； 相移 ； 隔離轉換器 ； 切換式整流器 ； 再生煞車 ； 無位置感測 ； 電網至車輛 ； 車輛至家庭 ； 車輛至電網 ； 能源收集

並列摘要

This thesis is mainly concerned with the development of an electric vehicle (EV) interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive with bidirectional isolated grid-connected and energy harvesting functions. To yield improved EV driving performance over wide speed range, the motor drive DC-link voltage is established by the battery via an H-bridge DC/DC interface converter. The DC-link voltage can be lower or higher than battery voltage. Moreover, the battery energy conversion characteristics are enhanced by adding a supercapacitor (SC) bank with bidirectional boost/buck DC/DC interface converter. The SC can assist the battery to reduce its fluctuated charging and discharging currents. All schematics and control schemes of all constituted power stages are properly designed and evaluated experimentally.
Next, the position sensorless EV IPMSM drive based on high-frequency signal injection (HFI) approach is developed. And its comparative performance to the standard drive is conducted. In addition to the fixed injected frequency, a randomly varied injected frequency scheme is proposed. Under normal rotor position sensed operation, more uniformly harmonic spectrum due to injected signal can be obtained.
In idle condition, a three-phase inverter and a bidirectional isolated dual active bridge (DAB) converter are arranged to achieve the G2V/V2H/V2G operations of the developed EV motor drive. The galvanic isolation is provided by the established phase-shifted isolated DAB converter. In G2V operation, the three-phase inverter schematic is operated as a switch-mode rectifier (SMR) to yield good line drawn power quality under battery charging. As to the V2H/V2G operations, a single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter can be formed for powering the home appliances or sending power to the mains.
Finally, for the developed energy harvesting system, the EV roof photovoltaic (PV) can directly charge the battery under any conditions. In idle condition, through the properly constructed schematic, the house roof PV, the available DC or single-phase AC source can conduct the on-board battery auxiliary charging.

並列關鍵字

EV ； IPMSM ； battery ； supercapacitor ； interface converter ； phase-shift ； isolated converter ； switch-mode rectifier ； regenerative braking ； sensorless ； G2V ； V2H ； V2G ； energy harvesting

參考文獻

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