具雙向隔離聯網及能源收集功能之電動車永磁同步馬達驅動系統

AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE PMSM DRIVE WITH BIDIRECTIONAL ISOLATED GRID-CONNECTED AND ENERGY HARVESTING CAPABILITIES

劉倚良(Yi-Liang Liu)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系所/碩士(2018年)

摘要

本論文旨在開發一蓄電池/超電容供電之電動車用內置磁石式永磁同步馬達驅動系統，具雙向隔離聯網及能源收集功能，電氣隔離由諧振轉換器達成。蓄電池經由全橋式直流/直流介面轉換器建立馬達驅動系統之直流鏈電壓，直流鏈電壓可低於或高於電池電壓，在廣速度範圍下獲得良好的驅動性能。超電容經由一雙向升壓/降壓直流/直流轉換器介接於直流鏈，其具快速充/放電響應，協助電池提供加速功率，並回收再生煞車所生之能量。
首先，研製標準蓄電池/超電容混合能源供電之電動車永磁同步馬達驅動系統，必需之感測及控制機構均適當地處理。此外，換相時刻及直流鏈電壓設定亦均妥予為之，所建電動車馬達驅動系統之良好動態響應及穩態操作特性均由實測評估佐證。更有進者，詳細實測評定所建馬達驅動系統之能源轉換效率。接著，建構多種高頻注入無位置感測馬達驅動系統，並從事其實測性能比較評估。其中以所提之變化頻率高頻信號注入策略，降低反電勢諧波對轉子位置估測及馬達驅動性能之影響。
在閒置狀態，電網至車輛/車輛至家庭/車輛至電網等之操作可藉由馬達驅動系統既有元件適當配接達成，電氣隔離由諧振轉換器提供。於電網至車輛操作，以切換式整流器建構之車載充電器，獲得良好電池充電特性。至於車輛至家庭/車輛至電網之操作，車載電池經由所建單相三線式變頻器，採行所提差模與共模之控制策略，供電給家用負載，或回送電能至電網。
對於所建之能源收集架構，車輛於路跑中，車頂之太陽光伏可直接對電池充電。於閒置下，屋頂之太陽光伏及可取用之直流或交流電源，均可利用所建之無橋式升壓型切換式整流器及諧振轉換器對車載電池進行輔助充電。

關鍵字

電動車 ； 內置磁石式永磁同步馬達 ； 蓄電池 ； 超電容 ； 介面轉換器 ； 隔離諧振轉換器 ； 能源收集 ； 直流/直流轉換器 ； 再生煞車 ； 無位置感測控制 ； 電網至車輛 ； 車輛至家庭 ； 車輛至電網 ； 切換式整流器 ； 太陽能光伏

並列摘要

This thesis develops a battery/super-capacitor (SC) powered electric vehicle (EV) interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive having isolated grid- connected bidirectional operations and energy harvesting capabilities. The galvanic isolation is provided by a bidirectional resonant DC/DC converter. The motor DC-link voltage is mainly established by the battery through an H-bridge DC/DC interface converter. The DC-link voltage can be varied below or above the battery voltage to yield enhanced driving performance over wide speed range. The SC is interfaced to the DC-link via a bidirectional boost/buck DC/DC converter. It can quickly discharge energy to assist the motor in rapid acceleration and store the recovered regenerative braking energy.
First, the standard battery/SC hybrid source fed EV IPMSM drive is designed and implemented. The necessary sensing and control schemes are properly treated. Moreover, the commutating instant setting and the DC-link voltage profiling are further made. Good dynamic responses and steady-state operating characteristics of the established EV drive are achieved and evaluated experimentally. More specifically, the energy conversion efficiencies of the employed IPMSM are assessed in detail. Next, the position sensorless EV IPMSM drives based on various high-frequency signal injection (HFI) approaches are established and comparatively evaluated. The proposed changed injection signal frequency approach can effectively reduce the inherent back-EMF harmonic effects on the estimated rotor position and the motor driving performances.
In idle condition, the G2V/V2H/V2G operations can be conducted using the motor drive embedded components, and a bidirectional LLC resonant converter provides the galvanic isolation. In G2V operation, good charging characteristics are obtained via the established on-board switched-mode rectifier (SMR) based charger. As to the V2H/V2G operations, the battery can power the home appliances or send power to the grid via the developed single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter using the proposed differential mode and common mode control approaches.
For the established energy harvesting system, the EV roof PV can directly charge the battery under driving condition. In idle condition, the house roof PV, the available DC or single-phase AC source can charge the battery via the constructed bridgeless boost SMR and the LLC resonant converter.

並列關鍵字

EV ； IPMSM ； battery ； SC ； interface converter ； resonant converter ； regenerative braking ； sensorless ； G2V ； V2H ； V2G ； switch-mode rectifier ； energy harvesting ； PV

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